Comments
Sudarshan, your chat looks like you are trying to prove something with that poor chat agent and not to purchase a service from the hosting company. Here the target is GT/Diya management and not the poor employees of the firm. Write something sensible that will help management to enlighten its minds. Especially, those who sit behind those closed cabins. Bring up the matters that you know about the company on which the management needs to work on or need to take it seriously. Now, you have experience of working in more than one company (atleast). So, you might have some advice or suggestions for GT management and employees as well. But, the way you have written here say that you have nothing in between your ears and under your skulls. So, there may not be any advice/suggestions from you. So, just shut all your stinking holes and see what others have to say and learn how to write words that make sense and not to write anything that is not at all related to the topic which is being discussed here.
It is not enough if you have n years of experience or experience in working at other firms or owning your own firm. You need to have the common sense which helps you decide what topic is being discussed here and what is the objective of this particular thread.
Guyz, let us not use this thread to target at someone personally. Please write your grievance and concerns that we want to pass it over to the GT management. Our aim is to show the management when they are lacking and where they need to improve. Acting on it is left to them. Management, you still cant take this business as something that is dealt in 'mandi' (market). Company is growing and your view and approach to handle things also should be changed. We do not want to see GT/Diya going down.
It is not enough if you have n years of experience or experience in working at other firms or owning your own firm. You need to have the common sense which helps you decide what topic is being discussed here and what is the objective of this particular thread.
Guyz, let us not use this thread to target at someone personally. Please write your grievance and concerns that we want to pass it over to the GT management. Our aim is to show the management when they are lacking and where they need to improve. Acting on it is left to them. Management, you still cant take this business as something that is dealt in 'mandi' (market). Company is growing and your view and approach to handle things also should be changed. We do not want to see GT/Diya going down.
hello All,
Its correct Retreat, the management can't treat the employees as dump and can do what ever they can do. I was working in diya as e-mail/chat support agent and left recently and had joined FIC but FIC is also not that good so now I'm currently, in Bangalore and got good job since I had utilized my stay in diya. I used to work smart and used to learn new things. I was working just for the salary how much i get. Usually I was learning things for more than 3 hrs in 8 hrs shift. I liked to stay more but i thought its enough, I have seen all lot of drama, action, comedy everything in my stay of 2 years in this company. I'm just here to share my thoughts. Its good company for fresher to learn new things earn money in easy way in the beginning. if you stay here then you can see lot of politics in management, TL's, gals and even cab drivers.
There is a operational manager and most of them call him as Mr. Been, most of them love him since he is dedicated to work and have some guts to talk to management about the issues we had faced but as far i heard management doesn't hear him but hear the good old sush. he always finds problems with others and actually he get paid just to come to office and talk to gals specially some lady manager in billing I guess. If I'm wrong please correct. I heard that billing manager got married and this guy didn't attended the marriage not sure about the reason. he is also got married but still continuing the romance with that girl. Hey gals, if you wish to work in just day shift be good with sush and he will surely make arrangements for you to work in continuous day shift as he has done with that lady, not sure whether her husband aware of this else he wouldn't leave her to work in day shift too. Also sush alters his shift timings to suit that lady managers timings, what an dedication to company? new comers used to discuss within themselves about sush and that lady manager, since sush and that lady used to chat and talk like having serious affair. In my two years stay I never got sush to talk to me but he was familiar face with gals. Any new gal comes to office, sush will be the first person to talk to her and get used to her. If guys ask any doubts he starts in tulu ''aauu enchina panpuniyaa, aait onji problem undo, FO dakleda keniya, yenk sari gothijiya aou poora" this is the inside story of BPO section in Diya.
There were no salary issues I had faced and salary used to credited timely and also could get one month advance salary and its really good. Not sure about PF, every month it get deducted but at the end of the year while checking PF receipt the company contribution will be very less. There is no HR section for the Diya BPO workers, i[censored] have any issues i[censored] r in night shift then you need to come in day time and wait in GT for HR old-man why can't management give full time HR department to diya BPO? I heard that new canteen facility is good and employees are somewhat happy with it. its really good news. thanks for creating this forum to help me to give some of my views. If I'm wrong anyplace please forgive me.
Its correct Retreat, the management can't treat the employees as dump and can do what ever they can do. I was working in diya as e-mail/chat support agent and left recently and had joined FIC but FIC is also not that good so now I'm currently, in Bangalore and got good job since I had utilized my stay in diya. I used to work smart and used to learn new things. I was working just for the salary how much i get. Usually I was learning things for more than 3 hrs in 8 hrs shift. I liked to stay more but i thought its enough, I have seen all lot of drama, action, comedy everything in my stay of 2 years in this company. I'm just here to share my thoughts. Its good company for fresher to learn new things earn money in easy way in the beginning. if you stay here then you can see lot of politics in management, TL's, gals and even cab drivers.
There is a operational manager and most of them call him as Mr. Been, most of them love him since he is dedicated to work and have some guts to talk to management about the issues we had faced but as far i heard management doesn't hear him but hear the good old sush. he always finds problems with others and actually he get paid just to come to office and talk to gals specially some lady manager in billing I guess. If I'm wrong please correct. I heard that billing manager got married and this guy didn't attended the marriage not sure about the reason. he is also got married but still continuing the romance with that girl. Hey gals, if you wish to work in just day shift be good with sush and he will surely make arrangements for you to work in continuous day shift as he has done with that lady, not sure whether her husband aware of this else he wouldn't leave her to work in day shift too. Also sush alters his shift timings to suit that lady managers timings, what an dedication to company? new comers used to discuss within themselves about sush and that lady manager, since sush and that lady used to chat and talk like having serious affair. In my two years stay I never got sush to talk to me but he was familiar face with gals. Any new gal comes to office, sush will be the first person to talk to her and get used to her. If guys ask any doubts he starts in tulu ''aauu enchina panpuniyaa, aait onji problem undo, FO dakleda keniya, yenk sari gothijiya aou poora" this is the inside story of BPO section in Diya.
There were no salary issues I had faced and salary used to credited timely and also could get one month advance salary and its really good. Not sure about PF, every month it get deducted but at the end of the year while checking PF receipt the company contribution will be very less. There is no HR section for the Diya BPO workers, i[censored] have any issues i[censored] r in night shift then you need to come in day time and wait in GT for HR old-man why can't management give full time HR department to diya BPO? I heard that new canteen facility is good and employees are somewhat happy with it. its really good news. thanks for creating this forum to help me to give some of my views. If I'm wrong anyplace please forgive me.
hello diya suferer it looks you will comment the same if you see your mom/sister talking to some other man. and you will never understand what the person whom you are commenting about is up to and he is the reason for any good things that is happening in diya at HR or policy level. i[censored] do not know the exact things, you should not comment at it. It is getting sick here. people are forgetting for what this post is put up here. If you are really interested at targetting people personally, use your house wall to scribble what you feel, you !
Oh…..it looks like Glow Touch is famous for affairs also, Good….Check the big list below…
Ashith Shetty[protected]Saphal Shetty
Ashith Shetty[protected]Guna
Nagesh Rai[protected]-- Don’t know her name just know she is Nikhil’s friend. Nikhil used to tell.
Anil[protected][protected] Sahana
Lestor[protected]-------- Veena Shetty
Sampath[protected]----- Mohitha
Vinay Pai[protected]---- Already she expired
Vishnu Murthi Pai[protected] Savitha
Yogish Pai[protected]--- Rashmi A R
Mahesh[protected]-------- Laxmi
Abhilash[protected]----- Sharmila
Santhosh[protected]----- Rashmi R
Ravichandra[protected]- Priya
Mani[protected][protected] Vinutha
Nikhil[protected][protected] Sahana
Ganesh[protected]-------- Reshma
Shamanth[protected]----- Sahana
Mahesh[protected]------- ShreePrabha
Vinay Pai[protected]----- ShubhaShree
And many more….
Ashith Shetty[protected]Saphal Shetty
Ashith Shetty[protected]Guna
Nagesh Rai[protected]-- Don’t know her name just know she is Nikhil’s friend. Nikhil used to tell.
Anil[protected][protected] Sahana
Lestor[protected]-------- Veena Shetty
Sampath[protected]----- Mohitha
Vinay Pai[protected]---- Already she expired
Vishnu Murthi Pai[protected] Savitha
Yogish Pai[protected]--- Rashmi A R
Mahesh[protected]-------- Laxmi
Abhilash[protected]----- Sharmila
Santhosh[protected]----- Rashmi R
Ravichandra[protected]- Priya
Mani[protected][protected] Vinutha
Nikhil[protected][protected] Sahana
Ganesh[protected]-------- Reshma
Shamanth[protected]----- Sahana
Mahesh[protected]------- ShreePrabha
Vinay Pai[protected]----- ShubhaShree
And many more….
ophthalmic industry — pan card not received
Dear Sir/Madam,I, pooja have applied for my Pen Card.My coupan no. is[protected].My pen card has been dispatched frm 25th april but till date i haven`t recieved that.
plz do the needfull.
It was true the good, poor woman had told her daughter of it,
and that it lay in such a place, that it was the child's money,
and had called once or twice for me to give it me, but I was,
unhappily, out of the way somewhere or other, and when I
came back she was past being in a condition to speak of it.
However, the daughter was so honest afterwards as to give it
me, though at first she used me cruelly about it.
Now was I a poor gentlewoman indeed, and I was just that
very night to be turned into the wide world; for the daughter
removed all the goods, and I had not so much as a lodging to
go to, or a bit of bread to eat. But it seems some of the neighbours,
who had known my circumstances, took so much compassion
of me as to acquaint the lady in whose family I had been a week,
as I mentioned above; and immediately she sent her maid to
fetch me away, and two of her daughters came with the maid
though unsent. So I went with them, bag and baggage, and
with a glad heart, you may be sure. The fright of my condition
had made such an impression upon me, that I did not want now
to be a gentlewoman, but was very willing to be a servant, and
that any kind of servant they thought fit to have me be.
But my new generous mistress, for she exceeded the good
woman I was with before, in everything, as well as in the
matter of estate; I say, in everything except honesty; and for
that, though this was a lady most exactly just, yet I must not
forget to say on all occasions, that the first, though poor, was
as uprightly honest as it was possible for any one to be.
I was no sooner carried away, as I have said, by this good
gentlewoman, but the first lady, that is to say, the Mayoress
that was, sent her two daughters to take care of me; and another
family which had taken notice of me when I was the little
gentlewoman, and had given me work to do, sent for me after
her, so that I was mightily made of, as we say; nay, and they
were not a little angry, especially madam the Mayoress, that
her friend had taken me away from her, as she called it; for,
as she said, I was hers by right, she having been the first that
took any notice of me. But they that had me would not part
with me; and as for me, though I should have been very well
treated with any of the others, yet I could not be better than
where I was.
Here I continued till I was between seventeen and eighteen
years old, and here I had all the advantages for my education
that could be imagined; the lady had masters home to the
house to teach her daughters to dance, and to speak French,
and to write, and other to teach them music; and I was always
with them, I learned as fast as they; and though the masters
were not appointed to teach me, yet I learned by imitation and
inquiry all that they learned by instruction and direction; so
that, in short, I learned to dance and speak French as well as
any of them, and to sing much better, for I had a better voice
than any of them. I could not so readily come at playing on
the harpsichord or spinet, because I had no instrument of my
own to practice on, and could only come at theirs in the intervals
when they left it, which was uncertain; but yet I learned tolerably
well too, and the young ladies at length got two instruments,
that is to say, a harpsichord and a spinet too, and then they
taught me themselves. But as to dancing, they could hardly
help my learning country-dances, because they always wanted
me to make up even number; and, on the other hand, they were
as heartily willing to learn me everything that they had been
taught themselves, as I could be to take the learning.
By this means I had, as I have said above, all the advantages
of education that I could have had if I had been as much a
gentlewoman as they were with whom I lived; and in some
things I had the advantage of my ladies, though they were my
superiors; but they were all the gifts of nature, and which all
their fortunes could not furnish. First, I was apparently
handsomer than any of them; secondly, I was better shaped;
and, thirdly, I sang better, by which I mean I had a better voice;
in all which you will, I hope, allow me to say, I do not speak
my own conceit of myself, but the opinion of all that knew
the family.
I had with all these the common vanity of my sex, viz. that
being really taken for very handsome, or, if you please, for a
great beauty, I very well knew it, and had as good an opinion
of myself as anybody else could have of me; and particularly
I loved to hear anybody speak of it, which could not but happen
to me sometimes, and was a great satisfaction to me.
Thus far I have had a smooth story to tell of myself, and in all
this part of my life I not only had the reputation of living in a
very good family, and a family noted and respected everywhere
for virtue and sobriety, and for every valuable thing; but I had
the character too of a very sober, modest, and virtuous young
woman, and such I had always been; neither had I yet any
occasion to think of anything else, or to know what a temptation
to wickedness meant.
But that which I was too vain of was my ruin, or rather my
vanity was the cause of it. The lady in the house where I was
had two sons, young gentlemen of very promising parts and
of extraordinary behaviour, and it was my misfortune to be
very well with them both, but they managed themselves with
me in a quite different manner.
The eldest, a gay gentleman that knew the town as well as the
country, and though he had levity enough to do an ill-natured
thing, yet had too much judgment of things to pay too dear
for his pleasures; he began with the unhappy snare to all
women, viz. taking notice upon all occasions how pretty I was,
as he called it, how agreeable, how well-carriaged, and the
like; and this he contrived so subtly, as if he had known as
well how to catch a woman in his net as a partridge when he
went a-setting; for he would contrive to be talking this to his
sisters when, though I was not by, yet when he knew I was
not far off but that I should be sure to hear him. His sisters
would return softly to him, 'Hush, brother, she will hear you;
she is but in the next room.' Then he would put it off and talk
softlier, as if he had not know it, and begin to acknowledge he
was wrong; and then, as if he had forgot himself, he would
speak aloud again, and I, that was so well pleased to hear it,
was sure to listen for it upon all occasions.
After he had thus baited his hook, and found easily enough
the method how to lay it in my way, he played an opener game;
and one day, going by his sister's chamber when I was there,
doing something about dressing her, he comes in with an air
of gaiety. 'Oh, Mrs. Betty, ' said he to me, 'how do you do,
Mrs. Betty? Don't your cheeks burn, Mrs. Betty?' I made a
curtsy and blushed, but said nothing. 'What makes you talk so,
brother?' says the lady. 'Why, ' says he, 'we have been talking
of her below-stairs this half-hour.' 'Well, ' says his sister,
'you can say no harm of her, that I am sure, so 'tis no matter
what you have been talking about.' 'Nay, ' says he, ''tis so far
from talking harm of her, that we have been talking a great
deal of good, and a great many fine things have been said of
Mrs. Betty, I assure you; and particularly, that she is the
handsomest young woman in Colchester; and, in short, they
begin to toast her health in the town.'
'I wonder at you, brother, ' says the sister. 'Betty wants but one
thing, but she had as good want everything, for the market is
against our sex just now; and if a young woman have beauty,
birth, breeding, wit, sense, manners, modesty, and all these to
an extreme, yet if she have not money, she's nobody, she had
as good want them all for nothing but money now recommends
a woman; the men play the game all into their own hands.'
Her younger brother, who was by, cried, 'Hold, sister, you run
too fast; I am an exception to your rule. I assure you, if I find
a woman so accomplished as you talk of, I say, I assure you, I
would not trouble myself about the money.'
'Oh, ' says the sister, 'but you will take care not to fancy one,
then, without the money.'
'You don't know that neither, ' says the brother.
'But why, sister, ' says the elder brother, 'why do you exclaim
so at the men for aiming so much at the fortune? You are none
of them that want a fortune, whatever else you want.'
'I understand you, brother, ' replies the lady very smartly; 'you
suppose I have the money, and want the beauty; but as times
go now, the first will do without the last, so I have the better
of my neighbours.'
'Well, ' says the younger brother, 'but your neighbours, as you
call them, may be even with you, for beauty will steal a husband
sometimes in spite of money, and when the maid chances to be
handsomer than the mistress, she oftentimes makes as good a
market, and rides in a coach before her.'
I thought it was time for me to withdraw and leave them, and
I did so, but not so far but that I heard all their discourse, in
which I heard abundance of the fine things said of myself,
which served to prompt my vanity, but, as I soon found, was
not the way to increase my interest in the family, for the sister
and the younger brother fell grievously out about it; and as he
said some very disobliging things to her upon my account, so
I could easily see that she resented them by her future conduct
to me, which indeed was very unjust to me, for I had never
had the least thought of what she suspected as to her younger
brother; indeed, the elder brother, in his distant, remote way,
had said a great many things as in jest, which I had the folly
to believe were in earnest, or to flatter myself with the hopes
of what I ought to have supposed he never intended, and
perhaps never thought of.
It happened one day that he came running upstairs, towards
the room where his sisters used to sit and work, as he often
used to do; and calling to them before he came in, as was his
way too, I, being there alone, stepped to the door, and said,
'Sir, the ladies are not here, they are walked down the garden.'
As I stepped forward to say this, towards the door, he was just
got to the door, and clasping me in his arms, as if it had been
by chance, 'Oh, Mrs. Betty, ' says he, 'are you here? That's
better still; I want to speak with you more than I do with them';
and then, having me in his arms, he kissed me three or four times.
I struggled to get away, and yet did it but faintly neither, and
he held me fast, and still kissed me, till he was almost out of
breath, and then, sitting down, says, 'Dear Betty, I am in love
with you.'
His words, I must confess, fired my blood; all my spirits flew
about my heart and put me into disorder enough, which he
might easily have seen in my face. He repeated it afterwards
several times, that he was in love with me, and my heart spoke
as plain as a voice, that I liked it; nay, whenever he said, 'I am
in love with you, ' my blushes plainly replied, 'Would you
were, sir.'
However, nothing else passed at that time; it was but a sur-
prise, and when he was gone I soon recovered myself again.
He had stayed longer with me, but he happened to look out
at the window and see his sisters coming up the garden, so
he took his leave, kissed me again, told me he was very serious,
and I should hear more of him very quickly, and away he went,
leaving me infinitely pleased, though surprised; and had there
not been one misfortune in it, I had been in the right, but the
mistake lay here, that Mrs. Betty was in earnest and the
gentleman was not.
From this time my head ran upon strange things, and I may
truly say I was not myself; to have such a gentleman talk to
me of being in love with me, and of my being such a charming
creature, as he told me I was; these were things I knew not
how to bear, my vanity was elevated to the last degree. It is
true I had my head full of pride, but, knowing nothing of the
wickedness of the times, I had not one thought of my own
safety or of my virtue about me; and had my young master
offered it at first sight, he might have taken any liberty he
thought fit with me; but he did not see his advantage, which
was my happiness for that time.
After this attack it was not long but he found an opportunity
to catch me again, and almost in the same posture; indeed, it
had more of design in it on his part, though not on my part. It
was thus: the young ladies were all gone a-visiting with their
mother; his brother was out of town; and as for his father, he
had been in London for a week before. He had so well watched
me that he knew where I was, though I did not so much as know
that he was in the house; and he briskly comes up the stairs and,
seeing me at work, comes into the room to me directly, and
began just as he did before, with taking me in his arms, and
kissing me for almost a quarter of an hour together.
It was his younger sister's chamber that I was in, and as there
was nobody in the house but the maids below-stairs, he was,
it may be, the ruder; in short, he began to be in earnest with me
indeed. Perhaps he found me a little too easy, for God knows
I made no resistance to him while he only held me in his arms
and kissed me; indeed, I was too well pleased with it to resist
him much.
However, as it were, tired with that kind of work, we sat down,
and there he talked with me a great while; he said he was
charmed with me, and that he could not rest night or day till
he had told me how he was in love with me, and, if I was able
to love him again, and would make him happy, I should be the
saving of his life, and many such fine things. I said little to
him again, but easily discovered that I was a fool, and that I
did not in the least perceive what he meant.
Then he walked about the room, and taking me by the hand,
I walked with him; and by and by, taking his advantage, he
and that it lay in such a place, that it was the child's money,
and had called once or twice for me to give it me, but I was,
unhappily, out of the way somewhere or other, and when I
came back she was past being in a condition to speak of it.
However, the daughter was so honest afterwards as to give it
me, though at first she used me cruelly about it.
Now was I a poor gentlewoman indeed, and I was just that
very night to be turned into the wide world; for the daughter
removed all the goods, and I had not so much as a lodging to
go to, or a bit of bread to eat. But it seems some of the neighbours,
who had known my circumstances, took so much compassion
of me as to acquaint the lady in whose family I had been a week,
as I mentioned above; and immediately she sent her maid to
fetch me away, and two of her daughters came with the maid
though unsent. So I went with them, bag and baggage, and
with a glad heart, you may be sure. The fright of my condition
had made such an impression upon me, that I did not want now
to be a gentlewoman, but was very willing to be a servant, and
that any kind of servant they thought fit to have me be.
But my new generous mistress, for she exceeded the good
woman I was with before, in everything, as well as in the
matter of estate; I say, in everything except honesty; and for
that, though this was a lady most exactly just, yet I must not
forget to say on all occasions, that the first, though poor, was
as uprightly honest as it was possible for any one to be.
I was no sooner carried away, as I have said, by this good
gentlewoman, but the first lady, that is to say, the Mayoress
that was, sent her two daughters to take care of me; and another
family which had taken notice of me when I was the little
gentlewoman, and had given me work to do, sent for me after
her, so that I was mightily made of, as we say; nay, and they
were not a little angry, especially madam the Mayoress, that
her friend had taken me away from her, as she called it; for,
as she said, I was hers by right, she having been the first that
took any notice of me. But they that had me would not part
with me; and as for me, though I should have been very well
treated with any of the others, yet I could not be better than
where I was.
Here I continued till I was between seventeen and eighteen
years old, and here I had all the advantages for my education
that could be imagined; the lady had masters home to the
house to teach her daughters to dance, and to speak French,
and to write, and other to teach them music; and I was always
with them, I learned as fast as they; and though the masters
were not appointed to teach me, yet I learned by imitation and
inquiry all that they learned by instruction and direction; so
that, in short, I learned to dance and speak French as well as
any of them, and to sing much better, for I had a better voice
than any of them. I could not so readily come at playing on
the harpsichord or spinet, because I had no instrument of my
own to practice on, and could only come at theirs in the intervals
when they left it, which was uncertain; but yet I learned tolerably
well too, and the young ladies at length got two instruments,
that is to say, a harpsichord and a spinet too, and then they
taught me themselves. But as to dancing, they could hardly
help my learning country-dances, because they always wanted
me to make up even number; and, on the other hand, they were
as heartily willing to learn me everything that they had been
taught themselves, as I could be to take the learning.
By this means I had, as I have said above, all the advantages
of education that I could have had if I had been as much a
gentlewoman as they were with whom I lived; and in some
things I had the advantage of my ladies, though they were my
superiors; but they were all the gifts of nature, and which all
their fortunes could not furnish. First, I was apparently
handsomer than any of them; secondly, I was better shaped;
and, thirdly, I sang better, by which I mean I had a better voice;
in all which you will, I hope, allow me to say, I do not speak
my own conceit of myself, but the opinion of all that knew
the family.
I had with all these the common vanity of my sex, viz. that
being really taken for very handsome, or, if you please, for a
great beauty, I very well knew it, and had as good an opinion
of myself as anybody else could have of me; and particularly
I loved to hear anybody speak of it, which could not but happen
to me sometimes, and was a great satisfaction to me.
Thus far I have had a smooth story to tell of myself, and in all
this part of my life I not only had the reputation of living in a
very good family, and a family noted and respected everywhere
for virtue and sobriety, and for every valuable thing; but I had
the character too of a very sober, modest, and virtuous young
woman, and such I had always been; neither had I yet any
occasion to think of anything else, or to know what a temptation
to wickedness meant.
But that which I was too vain of was my ruin, or rather my
vanity was the cause of it. The lady in the house where I was
had two sons, young gentlemen of very promising parts and
of extraordinary behaviour, and it was my misfortune to be
very well with them both, but they managed themselves with
me in a quite different manner.
The eldest, a gay gentleman that knew the town as well as the
country, and though he had levity enough to do an ill-natured
thing, yet had too much judgment of things to pay too dear
for his pleasures; he began with the unhappy snare to all
women, viz. taking notice upon all occasions how pretty I was,
as he called it, how agreeable, how well-carriaged, and the
like; and this he contrived so subtly, as if he had known as
well how to catch a woman in his net as a partridge when he
went a-setting; for he would contrive to be talking this to his
sisters when, though I was not by, yet when he knew I was
not far off but that I should be sure to hear him. His sisters
would return softly to him, 'Hush, brother, she will hear you;
she is but in the next room.' Then he would put it off and talk
softlier, as if he had not know it, and begin to acknowledge he
was wrong; and then, as if he had forgot himself, he would
speak aloud again, and I, that was so well pleased to hear it,
was sure to listen for it upon all occasions.
After he had thus baited his hook, and found easily enough
the method how to lay it in my way, he played an opener game;
and one day, going by his sister's chamber when I was there,
doing something about dressing her, he comes in with an air
of gaiety. 'Oh, Mrs. Betty, ' said he to me, 'how do you do,
Mrs. Betty? Don't your cheeks burn, Mrs. Betty?' I made a
curtsy and blushed, but said nothing. 'What makes you talk so,
brother?' says the lady. 'Why, ' says he, 'we have been talking
of her below-stairs this half-hour.' 'Well, ' says his sister,
'you can say no harm of her, that I am sure, so 'tis no matter
what you have been talking about.' 'Nay, ' says he, ''tis so far
from talking harm of her, that we have been talking a great
deal of good, and a great many fine things have been said of
Mrs. Betty, I assure you; and particularly, that she is the
handsomest young woman in Colchester; and, in short, they
begin to toast her health in the town.'
'I wonder at you, brother, ' says the sister. 'Betty wants but one
thing, but she had as good want everything, for the market is
against our sex just now; and if a young woman have beauty,
birth, breeding, wit, sense, manners, modesty, and all these to
an extreme, yet if she have not money, she's nobody, she had
as good want them all for nothing but money now recommends
a woman; the men play the game all into their own hands.'
Her younger brother, who was by, cried, 'Hold, sister, you run
too fast; I am an exception to your rule. I assure you, if I find
a woman so accomplished as you talk of, I say, I assure you, I
would not trouble myself about the money.'
'Oh, ' says the sister, 'but you will take care not to fancy one,
then, without the money.'
'You don't know that neither, ' says the brother.
'But why, sister, ' says the elder brother, 'why do you exclaim
so at the men for aiming so much at the fortune? You are none
of them that want a fortune, whatever else you want.'
'I understand you, brother, ' replies the lady very smartly; 'you
suppose I have the money, and want the beauty; but as times
go now, the first will do without the last, so I have the better
of my neighbours.'
'Well, ' says the younger brother, 'but your neighbours, as you
call them, may be even with you, for beauty will steal a husband
sometimes in spite of money, and when the maid chances to be
handsomer than the mistress, she oftentimes makes as good a
market, and rides in a coach before her.'
I thought it was time for me to withdraw and leave them, and
I did so, but not so far but that I heard all their discourse, in
which I heard abundance of the fine things said of myself,
which served to prompt my vanity, but, as I soon found, was
not the way to increase my interest in the family, for the sister
and the younger brother fell grievously out about it; and as he
said some very disobliging things to her upon my account, so
I could easily see that she resented them by her future conduct
to me, which indeed was very unjust to me, for I had never
had the least thought of what she suspected as to her younger
brother; indeed, the elder brother, in his distant, remote way,
had said a great many things as in jest, which I had the folly
to believe were in earnest, or to flatter myself with the hopes
of what I ought to have supposed he never intended, and
perhaps never thought of.
It happened one day that he came running upstairs, towards
the room where his sisters used to sit and work, as he often
used to do; and calling to them before he came in, as was his
way too, I, being there alone, stepped to the door, and said,
'Sir, the ladies are not here, they are walked down the garden.'
As I stepped forward to say this, towards the door, he was just
got to the door, and clasping me in his arms, as if it had been
by chance, 'Oh, Mrs. Betty, ' says he, 'are you here? That's
better still; I want to speak with you more than I do with them';
and then, having me in his arms, he kissed me three or four times.
I struggled to get away, and yet did it but faintly neither, and
he held me fast, and still kissed me, till he was almost out of
breath, and then, sitting down, says, 'Dear Betty, I am in love
with you.'
His words, I must confess, fired my blood; all my spirits flew
about my heart and put me into disorder enough, which he
might easily have seen in my face. He repeated it afterwards
several times, that he was in love with me, and my heart spoke
as plain as a voice, that I liked it; nay, whenever he said, 'I am
in love with you, ' my blushes plainly replied, 'Would you
were, sir.'
However, nothing else passed at that time; it was but a sur-
prise, and when he was gone I soon recovered myself again.
He had stayed longer with me, but he happened to look out
at the window and see his sisters coming up the garden, so
he took his leave, kissed me again, told me he was very serious,
and I should hear more of him very quickly, and away he went,
leaving me infinitely pleased, though surprised; and had there
not been one misfortune in it, I had been in the right, but the
mistake lay here, that Mrs. Betty was in earnest and the
gentleman was not.
From this time my head ran upon strange things, and I may
truly say I was not myself; to have such a gentleman talk to
me of being in love with me, and of my being such a charming
creature, as he told me I was; these were things I knew not
how to bear, my vanity was elevated to the last degree. It is
true I had my head full of pride, but, knowing nothing of the
wickedness of the times, I had not one thought of my own
safety or of my virtue about me; and had my young master
offered it at first sight, he might have taken any liberty he
thought fit with me; but he did not see his advantage, which
was my happiness for that time.
After this attack it was not long but he found an opportunity
to catch me again, and almost in the same posture; indeed, it
had more of design in it on his part, though not on my part. It
was thus: the young ladies were all gone a-visiting with their
mother; his brother was out of town; and as for his father, he
had been in London for a week before. He had so well watched
me that he knew where I was, though I did not so much as know
that he was in the house; and he briskly comes up the stairs and,
seeing me at work, comes into the room to me directly, and
began just as he did before, with taking me in his arms, and
kissing me for almost a quarter of an hour together.
It was his younger sister's chamber that I was in, and as there
was nobody in the house but the maids below-stairs, he was,
it may be, the ruder; in short, he began to be in earnest with me
indeed. Perhaps he found me a little too easy, for God knows
I made no resistance to him while he only held me in his arms
and kissed me; indeed, I was too well pleased with it to resist
him much.
However, as it were, tired with that kind of work, we sat down,
and there he talked with me a great while; he said he was
charmed with me, and that he could not rest night or day till
he had told me how he was in love with me, and, if I was able
to love him again, and would make him happy, I should be the
saving of his life, and many such fine things. I said little to
him again, but easily discovered that I was a fool, and that I
did not in the least perceive what he meant.
Then he walked about the room, and taking me by the hand,
I walked with him; and by and by, taking his advantage, he
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Obama in Germany on European tour
BBC News - 36 minutes ago
White House hopeful Barack Obama has landed in Berlin to begin the European leg of his international tour, ahead of November's US presidential poll.
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ANALYSIS-Karadzic trial will be battle over history, honour
Reuters - 34 minutes ago
By Ellie Tzortzi BELGRADE, July 24 (Reuters) - The trial of Radovan Karadzic will be part preacher's sermon, part revisionist forum and part press event, as his supporters prepare a marathon defence they say will change the world's view of the Yugoslav ...
Video: Karadzic plans to defend himself in The Hague RussiaToday
Serbian officials suspect Karadzic stole false name from Bosnian ... guardian.co.uk
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Malaysia Star
Quake in Northern Japan Injures
Wall Street Journal - 1 hour ago
AP HACHINOHE, Japan -- A powerful earthquake that sent boulders tumbling onto a national highway injured more than 100 people across a wide swath of northern Japan, officials said Thursday.
Japan mops up after strong earthquake euronews
Japan's North Hit by Magnitude-6.8 Quake; 95 Injured (Update3) Bloomberg
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Wall Street Journal
Senator tells Sderot rocket attacks must be stopped
Jerusalem Post - 35 minutes ago
By YAAKOV LAPPIN Hamas's firing of Iranian-made rockets at civilian targets in the South "has to be brought to a stop, " US Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama told The Jerusalem Post after completing a tour of Sderot on Wednesday.
Obama makes surprise visit to Jerusalem's Western Wall guardian.co.uk
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'Don't ask, don't tell' policy is reexamined
Los Angeles Times - 4 hours ago
Lawmakers review the 1993 law that prohibits gays and lesbians from openly serving in the military. By Vimal Patel, Los Angeles Times Staff Writer WASHINGTON -- The US military is being harmed by prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving openly, ...
Congress Hears Testimony To Lift 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Evening Bulletin
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Schwarzenegger seeks to slash state workers' pay till budget passes
Los Angeles Times - 6 hours ago
Evan Vucci / AP Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger speaks about the California wildfires Thursday, July 17, in Redding. Schwarzenegger plans to cut the pay of about 200000 state workers to the federal minimum wage of $6.55 an hour until a budget is signed, ...
Budget crossfire: Schwarzenegger considers temporary pay cut for ... San Jose Mercury News
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Another day, some more thunderstorms
Boston Globe - 20 minutes ago
By Globe Staff First you hear the faraway booms. Then the wind picks up. The rain falls softly, at first, then harder -- and harder -- as the thunder grows louder and the lightning flickers across the sky.
Summer Storms Whip Bay State Boston Channel.com
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Ford Has $8.7 Billion Loss on Writedown, Truck Sales (Update2)
Bloomberg - 37 minutes ago
By Bill Koenig July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co. posted a second- quarter loss of $8.7 billion as it reduced the value of truck plants and loans to buyers of pickups and sport-utility vehicles by $8 billion.
Ford's Finance Chief Says Company Has Enough Liquidity CNNMoney.com
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ECONOMIC REPORT Jobless claims highest since late March
MarketWatch - 37 minutes ago
By Greg Robb, MarketWatch WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) -- First-time claims for state unemployment benefits rose last week to their highest level in nearly four months, the government reported Thursday.
Jobless Claims Soar in Latest Week Wall Street Journal
UPDATE 1-US jobless claims rose by more than expected Reuters
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Reuters
XM and Sirius to try to settle FCC investigation
CNNMoney.com - 39 minutes ago
NEW YORK (Associated Press) - XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. and Sirius Satellite Radio said Thursday they are trying to settle enforcement matters with the Federal Communications Commission.
XM, Sirius confirm talks to settle FCC enforcement MarketWatch
XM, Sirius could pay $19 million to settle FCC issues Reuters
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McCain says surge began before Bush's order for troops
Dallas Morning News - 1 hour ago
AP BETHLEHEM, Pa. - Republican John McCain pushed back Wednesday against Democratic criticism that he misstated when the troop buildup ordered by President Bush began, saying elements were put in place before Mr.
Video: McCain Denies He Misstated Timing of Iraq Surge AssociatedPress
McCain's confusion on Iraq Steve Chapman Chicago Tribune
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TopNews
Hip-hop artist Nas protests Fox coverage of Obama
USA Today - 14 hours ago
By Joe Corrigan, Getty Images NEW YORK (AP) - Hip-hop artist Nas is protesting Fox News's coverage of Barack Obama. The rapper joined members of the activist groups MoveOn.
UPDATE 1-Protesters denounce Fox News as racist Reuters
Rapper takes on FOX over Obama coverage WJBF-TV
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AlaskaReport
Veepstakes: McCain says no decision yet
MSNBC - 25 minutes ago
REPUBLICANS: Asked by Sean Hannity if he had decided on a VP pick, John McCain said: “No.” He said he’s looking for someone “who shares your priorities.
Political buzz on Pawlenty at fever pitch in veepstakes Minneapolis Star Tribune
McCain Says No Decision Yet as Running Mate Speculation Spreads FOXNews
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Facebook Takes The Fast Lane To Boring
Washington Post - 29 minutes ago
I agree with Sam Gustin when he says that yesterday's Facebook Developer Conference in San Francisco was in the end a snoozer, but not because CEO Mark Zuckerberg failed on stage.
Facebook CEO Seeks To Ease Tensions With 3rd-Party Developers CNNMoney.com
Facebook founder faces the faithful San Jose Mercury News
Wall Street Journal - ZDNet - BBC News - Silicon Alley Insider
all 284 news articles »
New York Times
Googlepedia goes live
Inquirer - 55 minutes ago
By Stewart Meagher: Thursday, 24 July 2008, 1:43 PM INTERNET BEHEMOTH Google has done what it does best and repackaged yet another of someone else's ideas as part of its evil plan for galactic domination.
Google Launches Online-Publishing Service, a Potential Wikipedia Rival Wall Street Journal
Like Wikipedia but for Cash: Google's Knol PC World
Washington Post - Reuters - PC Magazine - New York Times
all 237 news articles »
Computerworld
Intel Revamps Its System-On-Chip Designs
InformationWeek - 1 hour ago
The first batch of products is under the Intel EP80579 Integrated Processor family for industrial robotics and for security, storage and communication devices.
Intel Welcomes Home Integrated Chips PC Magazine
Intel Brings Out Multifunction Chips In Bid to Diversify Wall Street Journal
Ars Technica - PC World - CNET News - eWeek
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Bid farewell to hail, more rain today but sunny on Friday
Buffalo News - 22 minutes ago
The hail and violent weather may be behind us, but the possible showers and thunderstorms remain in the National Weather Service forecast for the next few days … except for Friday.
More showers, 90s on way Daily Camera
One more pleasant weather day before rain, humidity return Evansville Courier & Press
PennLive.com - Old Colony Memorial and Plymouth Bulletin - The Times of Trenton - NJ.com - Green Bay Press Gazette
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Washington Post
X-Files - The Beginning, and Beyond
Monsters and Critics.com - 22 minutes ago
By June L. Jul 24, 2008, 13:17 GMT The new X-Files movie comes out this week, and I like many others can’t wait to see what will happen.
'X-Files: I Want to Believe' --2 stars Chicago Tribune
Just A Minute With: Gillian Anderson on "X-Files" Reuters
Los Angeles Times - The Gossip Girls - Lynchburg News and Advance - Columbus Ledger-Enquirer
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ABC News
Report: Sister's plea for cash set Christian Bale family feud off
New York Daily News - 35 minutes ago
Christian Bale's dark night was reportedly sparked by his sister's request for cash from the actor to help her raise her three children.
Bale asks for privacy in assault allegations The Associated Press
Finding Bale's dark side Chicago Sun-Times
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E Canada Now
WNBA Brawl Grabs Mystics' Attention
Washington Post - 58 minutes ago
By Katie Carrera Washington Mystics interim coach Jessie Kenlaw prepared for yesterday's 11:30 am game against conference rival New York the way she always does.
Day After, WNBA Untangles Brawl New York Times
Don't count on fights becoming WNBA trend USA Today
Los Angeles Times - ESPN - Detroit Free Press - Hartford Courant
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The State
Tim Tebow’s summer was better than yours
SportingNews.com - 27 minutes ago
By Michael McCall, Independent Florida Alligator HOOVER, Ala. -- SEC media days are here, and you know what that means. It's time for reporters from across the Southeast to gaggle at Florida quarterback Tim Tebow!
Posted by ESPN.com's Chris Low ESPN
Florida’s Tim Tebow hopes to use football as a platform for ... Boston Herald
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Washington Post
Brew Crew rides CC to victory vs. Cards
USA Today - 34 minutes ago
By Seth Livingstone, USA TODAY Milwaukee's CC Sabathia improved to 4-0 for his new team, pitching a three-hitter for his third straight complete game as the Brewers made it three victories in a row against the Cardinals in St.
Another gem for CC Sabathia Los Angeles Times
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How cell phones affect your health
Chicago Tribune - 46 minutes ago
Talk on it while you’re driving and you’re four times more likely to have a crash that will send you to the hospital. But if you do have a terrible wreck and need assistance, your phone’s ICE (in case of emergency) contact—or your own downloaded ...
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Billionaires Back Antismoking Effort
New York Times - 1 hour ago
Bill Gates and Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced their half-billion-dollar pledge in Midtown on Wednesday. By DONALD G. MCNEIL JR Bill Gates and Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced on Wednesday that they would spend $500 million to stop people ...
Video: Gates, Bloomberg Pool Riches to Fight Smoking AssociatedPress
Bloomberg, Gates pledge $375 mln against tobacco Reuters
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Ladies: 5 ways to get your sex life going
CNN - 1 hour ago
By Elizabeth Cohen ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) -- Sexually dysfunctional women in the United States are, well, mostly out of luck. Women's sexual dysfunction is an area of medicine that's highly neglected, experts say.
Sexual desire elusive for many women Chicago Tribune
Viagra May Boost Female Libido in Some Cases U.S. News & World Report
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Obama in Germany on European tour
BBC News - 36 minutes ago
White House hopeful Barack Obama has landed in Berlin to begin the European leg of his international tour, ahead of November's US presidential poll.
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Flooding feared along US-Mexico border from Dolly
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By Joe Mitchell BROWNSVILLE, Texas, July 24 (Reuters) - After Hurricane Dolly unleashed a fury of damaging winds and wicked rain on the US-Mexico coastline and diminished to a tropical storm, widespread flooding along the populous Rio Grande Valley ...
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Obama Overseas! In Presidential Mode! Back Home, It’s McCain in a ...
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Jae C. Hong/AP By ALESSANDRA STANLEY It wasn’ta television blackout of John McCain; it was worse: split-screen contrasts that at times made it seem as if Barack Obama was on a state visit while back home his opponent chafed at the perks and privileges ...
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ANALYSIS-Karadzic trial will be battle over history, honour
Reuters - 34 minutes ago
By Ellie Tzortzi BELGRADE, July 24 (Reuters) - The trial of Radovan Karadzic will be part preacher's sermon, part revisionist forum and part press event, as his supporters prepare a marathon defence they say will change the world's view of the Yugoslav ...
Video: Karadzic plans to defend himself in The Hague RussiaToday
Serbian officials suspect Karadzic stole false name from Bosnian ... guardian.co.uk
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Malaysia Star
Quake in Northern Japan Injures
Wall Street Journal - 1 hour ago
AP HACHINOHE, Japan -- A powerful earthquake that sent boulders tumbling onto a national highway injured more than 100 people across a wide swath of northern Japan, officials said Thursday.
Japan mops up after strong earthquake euronews
Japan's North Hit by Magnitude-6.8 Quake; 95 Injured (Update3) Bloomberg
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Wall Street Journal
Senator tells Sderot rocket attacks must be stopped
Jerusalem Post - 35 minutes ago
By YAAKOV LAPPIN Hamas's firing of Iranian-made rockets at civilian targets in the South "has to be brought to a stop, " US Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama told The Jerusalem Post after completing a tour of Sderot on Wednesday.
Obama makes surprise visit to Jerusalem's Western Wall guardian.co.uk
Obama begins European tour Aljazeera.net
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'Don't ask, don't tell' policy is reexamined
Los Angeles Times - 4 hours ago
Lawmakers review the 1993 law that prohibits gays and lesbians from openly serving in the military. By Vimal Patel, Los Angeles Times Staff Writer WASHINGTON -- The US military is being harmed by prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving openly, ...
Congress Hears Testimony To Lift 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Evening Bulletin
Revisiting 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' TIME
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The Associated Press
Schwarzenegger seeks to slash state workers' pay till budget passes
Los Angeles Times - 6 hours ago
Evan Vucci / AP Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger speaks about the California wildfires Thursday, July 17, in Redding. Schwarzenegger plans to cut the pay of about 200000 state workers to the federal minimum wage of $6.55 an hour until a budget is signed, ...
Budget crossfire: Schwarzenegger considers temporary pay cut for ... San Jose Mercury News
Schwarzenegger threatens minimum wage for workers The Associated Press
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Another day, some more thunderstorms
Boston Globe - 20 minutes ago
By Globe Staff First you hear the faraway booms. Then the wind picks up. The rain falls softly, at first, then harder -- and harder -- as the thunder grows louder and the lightning flickers across the sky.
Summer Storms Whip Bay State Boston Channel.com
Flood watch posted with more storms forecast WHDH-TV
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StarPhoenix
Ford Has $8.7 Billion Loss on Writedown, Truck Sales (Update2)
Bloomberg - 37 minutes ago
By Bill Koenig July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co. posted a second- quarter loss of $8.7 billion as it reduced the value of truck plants and loans to buyers of pickups and sport-utility vehicles by $8 billion.
Ford's Finance Chief Says Company Has Enough Liquidity CNNMoney.com
Ford Swings to Loss Wall Street Journal
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ECONOMIC REPORT Jobless claims highest since late March
MarketWatch - 37 minutes ago
By Greg Robb, MarketWatch WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) -- First-time claims for state unemployment benefits rose last week to their highest level in nearly four months, the government reported Thursday.
Jobless Claims Soar in Latest Week Wall Street Journal
UPDATE 1-US jobless claims rose by more than expected Reuters
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Reuters
XM and Sirius to try to settle FCC investigation
CNNMoney.com - 39 minutes ago
NEW YORK (Associated Press) - XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. and Sirius Satellite Radio said Thursday they are trying to settle enforcement matters with the Federal Communications Commission.
XM, Sirius confirm talks to settle FCC enforcement MarketWatch
XM, Sirius could pay $19 million to settle FCC issues Reuters
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McCain says surge began before Bush's order for troops
Dallas Morning News - 1 hour ago
AP BETHLEHEM, Pa. - Republican John McCain pushed back Wednesday against Democratic criticism that he misstated when the troop buildup ordered by President Bush began, saying elements were put in place before Mr.
Video: McCain Denies He Misstated Timing of Iraq Surge AssociatedPress
McCain's confusion on Iraq Steve Chapman Chicago Tribune
Washington Post - The Associated Press - RealClearPolitics - New York Times
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TopNews
Hip-hop artist Nas protests Fox coverage of Obama
USA Today - 14 hours ago
By Joe Corrigan, Getty Images NEW YORK (AP) - Hip-hop artist Nas is protesting Fox News's coverage of Barack Obama. The rapper joined members of the activist groups MoveOn.
UPDATE 1-Protesters denounce Fox News as racist Reuters
Rapper takes on FOX over Obama coverage WJBF-TV
TheCelebrityCafe.com - Monsters and Critics.com - Raw Story - BallerStatus.com
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AlaskaReport
Veepstakes: McCain says no decision yet
MSNBC - 25 minutes ago
REPUBLICANS: Asked by Sean Hannity if he had decided on a VP pick, John McCain said: “No.” He said he’s looking for someone “who shares your priorities.
Political buzz on Pawlenty at fever pitch in veepstakes Minneapolis Star Tribune
McCain Says No Decision Yet as Running Mate Speculation Spreads FOXNews
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BBC News
Facebook Takes The Fast Lane To Boring
Washington Post - 29 minutes ago
I agree with Sam Gustin when he says that yesterday's Facebook Developer Conference in San Francisco was in the end a snoozer, but not because CEO Mark Zuckerberg failed on stage.
Facebook CEO Seeks To Ease Tensions With 3rd-Party Developers CNNMoney.com
Facebook founder faces the faithful San Jose Mercury News
Wall Street Journal - ZDNet - BBC News - Silicon Alley Insider
all 284 news articles »
New York Times
Googlepedia goes live
Inquirer - 55 minutes ago
By Stewart Meagher: Thursday, 24 July 2008, 1:43 PM INTERNET BEHEMOTH Google has done what it does best and repackaged yet another of someone else's ideas as part of its evil plan for galactic domination.
Google Launches Online-Publishing Service, a Potential Wikipedia Rival Wall Street Journal
Like Wikipedia but for Cash: Google's Knol PC World
Washington Post - Reuters - PC Magazine - New York Times
all 237 news articles »
Computerworld
Intel Revamps Its System-On-Chip Designs
InformationWeek - 1 hour ago
The first batch of products is under the Intel EP80579 Integrated Processor family for industrial robotics and for security, storage and communication devices.
Intel Welcomes Home Integrated Chips PC Magazine
Intel Brings Out Multifunction Chips In Bid to Diversify Wall Street Journal
Ars Technica - PC World - CNET News - eWeek
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Bid farewell to hail, more rain today but sunny on Friday
Buffalo News - 22 minutes ago
The hail and violent weather may be behind us, but the possible showers and thunderstorms remain in the National Weather Service forecast for the next few days … except for Friday.
More showers, 90s on way Daily Camera
One more pleasant weather day before rain, humidity return Evansville Courier & Press
PennLive.com - Old Colony Memorial and Plymouth Bulletin - The Times of Trenton - NJ.com - Green Bay Press Gazette
all 267 news articles »
Washington Post
X-Files - The Beginning, and Beyond
Monsters and Critics.com - 22 minutes ago
By June L. Jul 24, 2008, 13:17 GMT The new X-Files movie comes out this week, and I like many others can’t wait to see what will happen.
'X-Files: I Want to Believe' --2 stars Chicago Tribune
Just A Minute With: Gillian Anderson on "X-Files" Reuters
Los Angeles Times - The Gossip Girls - Lynchburg News and Advance - Columbus Ledger-Enquirer
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ABC News
Report: Sister's plea for cash set Christian Bale family feud off
New York Daily News - 35 minutes ago
Christian Bale's dark night was reportedly sparked by his sister's request for cash from the actor to help her raise her three children.
Bale asks for privacy in assault allegations The Associated Press
Finding Bale's dark side Chicago Sun-Times
Los Angeles Times - BBC News - E! Online - hecklerspray
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E Canada Now
WNBA Brawl Grabs Mystics' Attention
Washington Post - 58 minutes ago
By Katie Carrera Washington Mystics interim coach Jessie Kenlaw prepared for yesterday's 11:30 am game against conference rival New York the way she always does.
Day After, WNBA Untangles Brawl New York Times
Don't count on fights becoming WNBA trend USA Today
Los Angeles Times - ESPN - Detroit Free Press - Hartford Courant
all 886 news articles »
The State
Tim Tebow’s summer was better than yours
SportingNews.com - 27 minutes ago
By Michael McCall, Independent Florida Alligator HOOVER, Ala. -- SEC media days are here, and you know what that means. It's time for reporters from across the Southeast to gaggle at Florida quarterback Tim Tebow!
Posted by ESPN.com's Chris Low ESPN
Florida’s Tim Tebow hopes to use football as a platform for ... Boston Herald
ArkansasSports360.com - Orlando Sentinel - Dawg Sports - Northwest Arkansas Times
all 180 news articles »
Washington Post
Brew Crew rides CC to victory vs. Cards
USA Today - 34 minutes ago
By Seth Livingstone, USA TODAY Milwaukee's CC Sabathia improved to 4-0 for his new team, pitching a three-hitter for his third straight complete game as the Brewers made it three victories in a row against the Cardinals in St.
Another gem for CC Sabathia Los Angeles Times
Sabathia propelling Brewers toward playoffs International Herald Tribune
Sports Network - Kansas City Star - Chicago Tribune
all 479 news articles »
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BBC News
How cell phones affect your health
Chicago Tribune - 46 minutes ago
Talk on it while you’re driving and you’re four times more likely to have a crash that will send you to the hospital. But if you do have a terrible wreck and need assistance, your phone’s ICE (in case of emergency) contact—or your own downloaded ...
US cancer boss in mobiles warning BBC News
Cancer Doc Tells Colleagues to Lay Off Cellphones Wall Street Journal Blogs
ABC News - ZDNet - eFluxMedia
all 561 news articles »
ABC News
Billionaires Back Antismoking Effort
New York Times - 1 hour ago
Bill Gates and Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced their half-billion-dollar pledge in Midtown on Wednesday. By DONALD G. MCNEIL JR Bill Gates and Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced on Wednesday that they would spend $500 million to stop people ...
Video: Gates, Bloomberg Pool Riches to Fight Smoking AssociatedPress
Bloomberg, Gates pledge $375 mln against tobacco Reuters
Newsday - New York Times Blogs - RTT News - eFluxMedia
all 618 news articles »
Sydney Morning Herald
Ladies: 5 ways to get your sex life going
CNN - 1 hour ago
By Elizabeth Cohen ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) -- Sexually dysfunctional women in the United States are, well, mostly out of luck. Women's sexual dysfunction is an area of medicine that's highly neglected, experts say.
Sexual desire elusive for many women Chicago Tribune
Viagra May Boost Female Libido in Some Cases U.S. News & World Report
Los Angeles Times - Reuters - WebMD - Wall Street Journal
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This is lovely...Updated list of GT affairs...
I (Lovely[protected]My GF is now admitted in kankanady and my wife has ran away with some other guy.
Here is my story...please read it completely.
Last discussed
1. (1 minutes ago)
HP India/Pavellion dv2214 Notebook
Poor Product and Service by HP
2. (7 minutes ago)
airtel postpaid bill
bill and call details
3. (9 minutes ago)
SIM CARD
The fact that GT provides a way of living for many of fresh graduates is true. But what are they doing, what kind of job are they doing ? Are they really satisfied. For them this company is more or less similar to a school or college.
For every three months a person in the office house keeping staff will fell ill or some sickness or their family members will.
The management starts begging royally all the staff to contribute some amount.Such companies should have group insurance to take care of the staff and their family members, Why dont GT do that and beg like this, Is this money really reaching the needy people and why the hell all the sick and poor people work only in Glow Touch. Does the management get sick people hired so that they can pay less ?
Just dont cheat your self and give some funny comments supporting this company. There were some female staff working in this company whose life is almost settled and they are from local place they dont have any pain, Just imagine people who come from distant places with lots of hopes in the company and the environment.If you are really worried about the your identity you can use some proxy account like "developer"
The reason i created this is that atleast by now the management will open eyes and do proper judgement for the people. But people like you are really making things more worse.
gprs activation
4. (10 minutes ago)
SBI ATM Card
forget OF passward
5. (18 minutes ago)
Reliance money online trading account
password blocked/bogus service
So My dear co developer beware of joining in this company because once you joined you will never come outside decently. You will never enjoy the work in the company as they get very small projects of 200 or 300 hours. They say that you will get 2 Saturdays in a month as holiday but God knows how many Saturdays you really take a leave. Every day on an average a resource unofficially works for 18 hours (exempted for local people).
Read comments
Comments
10 days ago by Belweather Team Response [send email]
We are all agreeing with Raghavendra Chinna Swamy. All things are true.
sumer Complaints | Submit Complaint | View full list of Companies | Latest Complaints
© 2008 Indian Consumer Complaints Forum
If you have any constructive thoughts, creative ideas, or reasonable offers, please, contact us immediately via E-mail
Site owners is not responsible for the information posted on this website.
Depressed "Lovely"
I (Lovely[protected]My GF is now admitted in kankanady and my wife has ran away with some other guy.
Here is my story...please read it completely.
Last discussed
1. (1 minutes ago)
HP India/Pavellion dv2214 Notebook
Poor Product and Service by HP
2. (7 minutes ago)
airtel postpaid bill
bill and call details
3. (9 minutes ago)
SIM CARD
The fact that GT provides a way of living for many of fresh graduates is true. But what are they doing, what kind of job are they doing ? Are they really satisfied. For them this company is more or less similar to a school or college.
For every three months a person in the office house keeping staff will fell ill or some sickness or their family members will.
The management starts begging royally all the staff to contribute some amount.Such companies should have group insurance to take care of the staff and their family members, Why dont GT do that and beg like this, Is this money really reaching the needy people and why the hell all the sick and poor people work only in Glow Touch. Does the management get sick people hired so that they can pay less ?
Just dont cheat your self and give some funny comments supporting this company. There were some female staff working in this company whose life is almost settled and they are from local place they dont have any pain, Just imagine people who come from distant places with lots of hopes in the company and the environment.If you are really worried about the your identity you can use some proxy account like "developer"
The reason i created this is that atleast by now the management will open eyes and do proper judgement for the people. But people like you are really making things more worse.
gprs activation
4. (10 minutes ago)
SBI ATM Card
forget OF passward
5. (18 minutes ago)
Reliance money online trading account
password blocked/bogus service
So My dear co developer beware of joining in this company because once you joined you will never come outside decently. You will never enjoy the work in the company as they get very small projects of 200 or 300 hours. They say that you will get 2 Saturdays in a month as holiday but God knows how many Saturdays you really take a leave. Every day on an average a resource unofficially works for 18 hours (exempted for local people).
Read comments
Comments
10 days ago by Belweather Team Response [send email]
We are all agreeing with Raghavendra Chinna Swamy. All things are true.
sumer Complaints | Submit Complaint | View full list of Companies | Latest Complaints
© 2008 Indian Consumer Complaints Forum
If you have any constructive thoughts, creative ideas, or reasonable offers, please, contact us immediately via E-mail
Site owners is not responsible for the information posted on this website.
Depressed "Lovely"
The Nazca lines are a series of geoglyphs located in the Nazca Desert, a high arid plateau that stretches more than 80 km (50 miles) between the towns of Nazca and Palpa on the Pampas de Jumana in Peru. They are believed to have been created by the Nazca culture between 200 BC and AD 700. There are hundreds of individual figures, ranging in complexity from simple lines to stylized hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, fish, sharks, llamas and lizards.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Construction
* 2 Purpose
* 3 Environmental concerns
* 4 In fiction
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 Notes
* 8 External links
[edit] Construction
The creator of the lines and why they were created is not known. The leading mainstream theory is that the Nazca people made the lines using simple tools and surveying equipment. Wooden stakes in the ground at the end of some lines (which were used to carbon-date the figures) and ceramics found on the surface support this theory. Furthermore, researchers such as Joe Nickell of the University of Kentucky, have reproduced, without aerial supervision, the figures using the technology available to the Nazca people of the time. With careful planning and simple technologies, a small team of individuals could recreate even the largest figures within days. Contrary to the claims of several commentators, the figures can be observed from the ground by standing on top of nearby foothills.[1]
The lines were made by removing the iron oxide coated pebbles which cover the surface of the Nazca desert. When the gravel is removed, the lines contrast sharply with the surroundings because of the light-colored earth underneath. There are several hundred simple lines and geometric patterns on the Nazca plateau, as well as over seventy curvilinear animal and human figures. The area encompassing the lines is nearly 500 square kilometers (193 square miles), and the largest figures can be nearly 270 m long (886 feet). The lines persist due to the extremely dry, windless, and constant climate of the Nazca region. The Nazca desert is one of the driest on Earth and maintains a temperature around 25°C (77°F) all year round, and the lack of wind has helped keep the lines uncovered to the present day.
[edit] Purpose
This section is missing citations or needs footnotes.
Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (November 2007)
Satellite picture of an area containing lines. (Coordinates: 14°43′S, 75°08′W)
Satellite picture of an area containing lines. (Coordinates: [show location on an interactive map] 14°43′S, 75°08′W)
Why the figures were built remains a persistent mystery. A leading theory is that the Nazca people's motivations were religious, that the images were constructed so that gods in the sky could see them. Kosok and Reiche advanced one of the earliest reasons given for the Nazca Lines: that they were intended to point to the places on the distant horizon where the Sun and other celestial bodies rose or set. This hypothesis was evaluated by two different experts in archaeoastronomy, Gerald Hawkins and Anthony Aveni, and they both concluded that there was insufficient evidence to support an astronomical explanation.
In 1985, the archaeologist Johan Reinhard published archaeological, ethnographic, and historical data demonstrating that worship of mountains and other water sources played a dominant role in Nazca religion and economy from ancient to recent times. He presented the theory that the lines and figures can be explained as part of religious practices involving the worship of deities associated with the availability of water and thus the fertility of crops. The lines were interpreted as being primarily used as sacred paths leading to places where these deities could be worshiped and the figures as symbolically representing animals and objects meant to invoke their aid. However, the precise meanings of many of the individual geoglyphs remain unsolved.
Notwithstanding Gerald Hawkins' and Anthony Aveni's dismissal of an astronomical explanation of the Nazca Lines and geoglyphs, astronomer Robin Edgar has theorized that the Nazca Lines, particularly the biomorph geoglyphs that depict animals, human figures, birds and "flowers" are almost certainly an ancient response to the so-called "Eye of God" that is manifested in the sky during a total solar eclipse. An unusual series of total solar eclipses over southern Peru coincided with the time period during which the Nazca Lines and geoglyphs were created. The totally eclipsed sun distinctly resembles the pupil and iris of a gigantic eye looking down from the sky thus providing an explanation as to why the Nazca people created gigantic geoglyph artworks that are best viewed by an "Eye in the Sky".[citation needed]
Some (for example Jim Woodmann) have proposed that the Nazca lines presuppose some form of manned flight (in order to see them) and that a hot air balloon was the only possible available technology. Woodmann actually made a hot air balloon from materials and using techniques that would have been available to people at the time in order to test this hypothesis. The balloon flew (after a fashion) demonstrating that this hypothesis was possible, but there is no hard evidence either way [2] and Woodman's work has been rebutted.[1] Record setting hot air balloon aviator Julian Nott has proposed that Nazca tribal leaders could have been aloft in primitive hot air balloons, as long as two millennia ago, guiding the creation of the Nazca ground figures from above.[3]
Another theory contends that the lines are the remains of "walking temples, " where a large group of worshipers walked along a preset pattern dedicated to a particular holy entity, similar to the practice of labyrinth walking. Residents of the local villages say the ancient Nazca conducted rituals on these giant drawings to thank the gods and to ensure that water would continue to flow from the Andes. This view correlates with the purposes of North American geoglyphs.[citation needed]
[edit] Environmental concerns
According to Viktoria Nikitzki of the Maria Reiche Centre, an organization dedicated to protecting the Nazca Lines, pollution and erosion caused by deforestation threaten the continued existence of the Nazca lines. She is quoted as saying "The Lines themselves are superficial, they are only 10 to 30cm deep and could be washed away... Nazca has only ever received a small amount of rain. But now there are great changes to the weather all over the world. The Lines cannot resist heavy rain without being damaged."[4] However, Mario Olaechea Aquije, the archaeological resident from Peru's National Institute of Culture in Nazca, Peru, and a team of specialists surveyed the area after the flooding and mudslides occurring in the area in mid-February of 2007. He announces that "the mudslides and heavy rains did not appear to have caused any significant damage to the Nazca Lines, " but that the nearby Southern Pan-American Highway did suffer damage, and "the damage done to the roads should serve as a reminder to just how fragile these figures are."[5]
[edit] In fiction
* Accurate descriptions and a speculative purpose of the lines are described in the novel Domain by Steve Alten.
* The Nazca Lines featured in the Anthony Horowitz novel Evil Star where they were an ancient gate which kept back a group of evil demons called the Old Ones. When the stars in the sky line up with the lines, the gate would open. The figures were to serve as a warning. At the end of the novel the Lines came to life and became real creatures.
* The Nazca Lines were also featured in a Nancy Drew novel, with the spiral tailed monkey being the focal point of the mystery The Clue in the Crossword Cypher.
* The Nazca Lines featured prominently in an episode of The Mysterious Cities of Gold entitled "The Nazca Plateau", where the supposition that the lines were designed to be viewed from above is underlined, with the main characters viewing the ground markings from the sky in their Golden Condor. There is also the implied suggestion the lines were part of an intentionally designed aerial runway as the flying bird lands at sunset along two parallel lines from the surface drawing.
* The Nazca Lines were used as a major plot point in the video game Shining Force II and were even referred to by name. In the game, a Nazca bird is actually a flying ship created by an ancient advanced civilization. One of the game's boss fights was fought on top of the Nazca bird.
* The Nazca Lines are featured prominently in an episode of the anime Master Mosquiton '99. In the episode, the main characters Inaho and Mosquiton must rescue a plane full of students. They can't land the plane as the airport runway has been flooded with sand that is covered with Nazca Lines (due to a curse from a Nazca mask). Upon inspecting the area, a Nazca spider comes to life and attacks them.
* Figures resembling Nazca Lines appear in the arcade game Xevious.
* The plot of the ninth episode of the anime series Cowboy Bebop is set in motion by the uncommanded recreation of the Nazca lines by a satellite-based defensive laser grid on the asteroid-pounded Earth.
* The Nazca Lines also feature at the end of the game Assassin's Creed where 'eagle vision' is used to reveal markings in blood, including the Nazca monkey, hummingbird and spider.
* The video game Illusion of Gaia contains an area named 'Nazca Plains', which contains references to the Nazca Lines.
* In the role-playing game Rifts, the Nazca lines were used to create giant energy constructs, ranging from the actual walls of structures to defensive measures against an ancient alien invasion. (The giant line-animals could even come alive to fight.) After a cataclysm destroys human civilization and returns magic to the earth, the descendants of the Nazca civilization ally with the returning gods of the Inca to form a new nation, just as the aliens who attempted to invade before attack again.
* The Nazca lines are mentioned in the 1968 book, Chariots of the Gods by Erich Von Daniken as evidentiary support for idea that advanced technologies and civilizations have existed before the current technological societies, and that it may have been an airport for our brothers from the stars or supposes that we may have had flight technology in BC times.
* In the video game We Love Katamari the player can pick up the Nazca Line with their ball.
* The Nazca Lines are mentioned in passing in the book The Six Sacred Stones, leading some to believe they will play a role in the book's sequel.
* Ryusei Rockman 2 (Mega Man Star Force 2) features a country called "Whazzap" populated by people who believe in an ancient culture that made, among other things, the "Whazzap Lines" in the desert, an obvious parallel to the Nazca lines.
* The new Yu-Gi-Oh installment, Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's centers around the Nazca Lines and other ancient South American cultures. The embodiments of evil were sealed in the earth in the form of the Nazca patterns by the Crimson Dragon.
* Ken Andrews' 2007 album, Secrets Of The Lost Satellite depicts the Nazca Lines on the cover throughout its packaging. Art direction and design by strange//attraktor:.
* In Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Nazca Lines were used in locating Akator, the "Lost City of Gold".
[edit] See also
* Carnac stones
* Crop circle
* Marilyn Bridges
* Simone Waisbard
[edit] References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Nazca lines
* Aveni, Anthony F. (ed.) (1990). The Lines of Nazca. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN[protected]
* Aveni, Anthony F. (2000). Between the Lines: The Mystery of the Giant Ground Drawings of Ancient Nasca, Peru . Austin Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN[protected]
* Haughton, Brian. (2007). Hidden History: Lost Civilizations, Secret Knowledge, and Ancient Mysteries. Career Press. ISBN [protected]
* Lambers, Karsten (2006). The Geoglyphs of Palpa, Peru: Documentation, Analysis, and Interpretation. Lindensoft Verlag, Aichwald/Germany. ISBN[protected]
* Reinhard, Johan (1996) (6th ed.) The Nazca Lines: A New Perspective on their Origin and Meaning. Lima: Los Pinos. ISBN[protected]
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Construction
* 2 Purpose
* 3 Environmental concerns
* 4 In fiction
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 Notes
* 8 External links
[edit] Construction
The creator of the lines and why they were created is not known. The leading mainstream theory is that the Nazca people made the lines using simple tools and surveying equipment. Wooden stakes in the ground at the end of some lines (which were used to carbon-date the figures) and ceramics found on the surface support this theory. Furthermore, researchers such as Joe Nickell of the University of Kentucky, have reproduced, without aerial supervision, the figures using the technology available to the Nazca people of the time. With careful planning and simple technologies, a small team of individuals could recreate even the largest figures within days. Contrary to the claims of several commentators, the figures can be observed from the ground by standing on top of nearby foothills.[1]
The lines were made by removing the iron oxide coated pebbles which cover the surface of the Nazca desert. When the gravel is removed, the lines contrast sharply with the surroundings because of the light-colored earth underneath. There are several hundred simple lines and geometric patterns on the Nazca plateau, as well as over seventy curvilinear animal and human figures. The area encompassing the lines is nearly 500 square kilometers (193 square miles), and the largest figures can be nearly 270 m long (886 feet). The lines persist due to the extremely dry, windless, and constant climate of the Nazca region. The Nazca desert is one of the driest on Earth and maintains a temperature around 25°C (77°F) all year round, and the lack of wind has helped keep the lines uncovered to the present day.
[edit] Purpose
This section is missing citations or needs footnotes.
Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (November 2007)
Satellite picture of an area containing lines. (Coordinates: 14°43′S, 75°08′W)
Satellite picture of an area containing lines. (Coordinates: [show location on an interactive map] 14°43′S, 75°08′W)
Why the figures were built remains a persistent mystery. A leading theory is that the Nazca people's motivations were religious, that the images were constructed so that gods in the sky could see them. Kosok and Reiche advanced one of the earliest reasons given for the Nazca Lines: that they were intended to point to the places on the distant horizon where the Sun and other celestial bodies rose or set. This hypothesis was evaluated by two different experts in archaeoastronomy, Gerald Hawkins and Anthony Aveni, and they both concluded that there was insufficient evidence to support an astronomical explanation.
In 1985, the archaeologist Johan Reinhard published archaeological, ethnographic, and historical data demonstrating that worship of mountains and other water sources played a dominant role in Nazca religion and economy from ancient to recent times. He presented the theory that the lines and figures can be explained as part of religious practices involving the worship of deities associated with the availability of water and thus the fertility of crops. The lines were interpreted as being primarily used as sacred paths leading to places where these deities could be worshiped and the figures as symbolically representing animals and objects meant to invoke their aid. However, the precise meanings of many of the individual geoglyphs remain unsolved.
Notwithstanding Gerald Hawkins' and Anthony Aveni's dismissal of an astronomical explanation of the Nazca Lines and geoglyphs, astronomer Robin Edgar has theorized that the Nazca Lines, particularly the biomorph geoglyphs that depict animals, human figures, birds and "flowers" are almost certainly an ancient response to the so-called "Eye of God" that is manifested in the sky during a total solar eclipse. An unusual series of total solar eclipses over southern Peru coincided with the time period during which the Nazca Lines and geoglyphs were created. The totally eclipsed sun distinctly resembles the pupil and iris of a gigantic eye looking down from the sky thus providing an explanation as to why the Nazca people created gigantic geoglyph artworks that are best viewed by an "Eye in the Sky".[citation needed]
Some (for example Jim Woodmann) have proposed that the Nazca lines presuppose some form of manned flight (in order to see them) and that a hot air balloon was the only possible available technology. Woodmann actually made a hot air balloon from materials and using techniques that would have been available to people at the time in order to test this hypothesis. The balloon flew (after a fashion) demonstrating that this hypothesis was possible, but there is no hard evidence either way [2] and Woodman's work has been rebutted.[1] Record setting hot air balloon aviator Julian Nott has proposed that Nazca tribal leaders could have been aloft in primitive hot air balloons, as long as two millennia ago, guiding the creation of the Nazca ground figures from above.[3]
Another theory contends that the lines are the remains of "walking temples, " where a large group of worshipers walked along a preset pattern dedicated to a particular holy entity, similar to the practice of labyrinth walking. Residents of the local villages say the ancient Nazca conducted rituals on these giant drawings to thank the gods and to ensure that water would continue to flow from the Andes. This view correlates with the purposes of North American geoglyphs.[citation needed]
[edit] Environmental concerns
According to Viktoria Nikitzki of the Maria Reiche Centre, an organization dedicated to protecting the Nazca Lines, pollution and erosion caused by deforestation threaten the continued existence of the Nazca lines. She is quoted as saying "The Lines themselves are superficial, they are only 10 to 30cm deep and could be washed away... Nazca has only ever received a small amount of rain. But now there are great changes to the weather all over the world. The Lines cannot resist heavy rain without being damaged."[4] However, Mario Olaechea Aquije, the archaeological resident from Peru's National Institute of Culture in Nazca, Peru, and a team of specialists surveyed the area after the flooding and mudslides occurring in the area in mid-February of 2007. He announces that "the mudslides and heavy rains did not appear to have caused any significant damage to the Nazca Lines, " but that the nearby Southern Pan-American Highway did suffer damage, and "the damage done to the roads should serve as a reminder to just how fragile these figures are."[5]
[edit] In fiction
* Accurate descriptions and a speculative purpose of the lines are described in the novel Domain by Steve Alten.
* The Nazca Lines featured in the Anthony Horowitz novel Evil Star where they were an ancient gate which kept back a group of evil demons called the Old Ones. When the stars in the sky line up with the lines, the gate would open. The figures were to serve as a warning. At the end of the novel the Lines came to life and became real creatures.
* The Nazca Lines were also featured in a Nancy Drew novel, with the spiral tailed monkey being the focal point of the mystery The Clue in the Crossword Cypher.
* The Nazca Lines featured prominently in an episode of The Mysterious Cities of Gold entitled "The Nazca Plateau", where the supposition that the lines were designed to be viewed from above is underlined, with the main characters viewing the ground markings from the sky in their Golden Condor. There is also the implied suggestion the lines were part of an intentionally designed aerial runway as the flying bird lands at sunset along two parallel lines from the surface drawing.
* The Nazca Lines were used as a major plot point in the video game Shining Force II and were even referred to by name. In the game, a Nazca bird is actually a flying ship created by an ancient advanced civilization. One of the game's boss fights was fought on top of the Nazca bird.
* The Nazca Lines are featured prominently in an episode of the anime Master Mosquiton '99. In the episode, the main characters Inaho and Mosquiton must rescue a plane full of students. They can't land the plane as the airport runway has been flooded with sand that is covered with Nazca Lines (due to a curse from a Nazca mask). Upon inspecting the area, a Nazca spider comes to life and attacks them.
* Figures resembling Nazca Lines appear in the arcade game Xevious.
* The plot of the ninth episode of the anime series Cowboy Bebop is set in motion by the uncommanded recreation of the Nazca lines by a satellite-based defensive laser grid on the asteroid-pounded Earth.
* The Nazca Lines also feature at the end of the game Assassin's Creed where 'eagle vision' is used to reveal markings in blood, including the Nazca monkey, hummingbird and spider.
* The video game Illusion of Gaia contains an area named 'Nazca Plains', which contains references to the Nazca Lines.
* In the role-playing game Rifts, the Nazca lines were used to create giant energy constructs, ranging from the actual walls of structures to defensive measures against an ancient alien invasion. (The giant line-animals could even come alive to fight.) After a cataclysm destroys human civilization and returns magic to the earth, the descendants of the Nazca civilization ally with the returning gods of the Inca to form a new nation, just as the aliens who attempted to invade before attack again.
* The Nazca lines are mentioned in the 1968 book, Chariots of the Gods by Erich Von Daniken as evidentiary support for idea that advanced technologies and civilizations have existed before the current technological societies, and that it may have been an airport for our brothers from the stars or supposes that we may have had flight technology in BC times.
* In the video game We Love Katamari the player can pick up the Nazca Line with their ball.
* The Nazca Lines are mentioned in passing in the book The Six Sacred Stones, leading some to believe they will play a role in the book's sequel.
* Ryusei Rockman 2 (Mega Man Star Force 2) features a country called "Whazzap" populated by people who believe in an ancient culture that made, among other things, the "Whazzap Lines" in the desert, an obvious parallel to the Nazca lines.
* The new Yu-Gi-Oh installment, Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's centers around the Nazca Lines and other ancient South American cultures. The embodiments of evil were sealed in the earth in the form of the Nazca patterns by the Crimson Dragon.
* Ken Andrews' 2007 album, Secrets Of The Lost Satellite depicts the Nazca Lines on the cover throughout its packaging. Art direction and design by strange//attraktor:.
* In Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Nazca Lines were used in locating Akator, the "Lost City of Gold".
[edit] See also
* Carnac stones
* Crop circle
* Marilyn Bridges
* Simone Waisbard
[edit] References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Nazca lines
* Aveni, Anthony F. (ed.) (1990). The Lines of Nazca. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN[protected]
* Aveni, Anthony F. (2000). Between the Lines: The Mystery of the Giant Ground Drawings of Ancient Nasca, Peru . Austin Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN[protected]
* Haughton, Brian. (2007). Hidden History: Lost Civilizations, Secret Knowledge, and Ancient Mysteries. Career Press. ISBN [protected]
* Lambers, Karsten (2006). The Geoglyphs of Palpa, Peru: Documentation, Analysis, and Interpretation. Lindensoft Verlag, Aichwald/Germany. ISBN[protected]
* Reinhard, Johan (1996) (6th ed.) The Nazca Lines: A New Perspective on their Origin and Meaning. Lima: Los Pinos. ISBN[protected]
Chikungunya
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Chikungunya
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 A92.0
ICD-9 065.4, 066.3
DiseasesDB 32213
MeSH D018354
Chikungunya virus
Virus classification
Group: Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Family: Togaviridae
Genus: Alphavirus
Species: Chikungunya virus
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus, of the genus, Alphavirus, that is transmitted to humans by virus-carrying Aedes mosquitoes.[1] There have been recent outbreaks of CHIKV associated with severe morbidity. CHIKV causes an illness with symptoms similar to dengue fever. CHIKV manifests itself with a prolonged arthralgic disease that affects the joints of the extremities. The acute febrile phase of the illness lasts only two to five days. The pain associated with CHIKV infection of the joints persists for weeks or months.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Signs and symptoms
o 1.1 Diagnosis
* 2 Causes
* 3 Pathophysiology
* 4 Prevention
* 5 Treatment
o 5.1 DNA vaccine
* 6 Prognosis
* 7 Epidemiology
* 8 History
* 9 References
* 10 Further reading
* 11 External links
[edit] Signs and symptoms
The incubation period of Chikungunya disease is from two to four days. Symptoms of the disease include a fever up to 39 °C (102.2 °F), a petechial or maculopapular rash of the trunk and occasionally the limbs, and arthralgia or arthritis affecting multiple joints.[4] Other nonspecific symptoms can include headache, conjunctival injection, and slight photophobia. Typically, the fever lasts for two days and then ends abruptly. However, other symptoms, namely joint pain, intense headache, insomnia and an extreme degree of prostration last for a variable period; usually for about 5 to 7 days.[4] Patients have complained of joint pains for much longer time periods depending on their age.[5][6]
[edit] Diagnosis
Common laboratory tests for chikungunya include RT-PCR, virus isolation, and serological tests.
* Virus isolation provides the most definitive diganosis but takes 1-2 weeks for completion and must be carried out in Biosafety level 3 laboratories.[7] The technique involves exposing specific cell lines to samples from whole blood and identifying chikungunya virus-specific responses.
* RT-PCR using nested primer pairs to amplify several Chikungunya-specific genes from whole blood. Results can be determined in 1-2 days.[7]
* Serological diagnosis requires a larger amount of blood than the other methods and uses an ELISA assay to measure Chikungunya-specific IgM levels. Results requre 2-3 days and false positives can occur with infection via other related viruses such as O'nyong'nyong virus and Semliki Forest Virus.[7]
[edit] Causes
Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
Chikungunya virus is indigenous to tropical Africa and Asia, where it is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes, usually of the genus Aedes. CHIK fever epidemics are sustained by human-mosquito-human transmission. The word "chikungunya" is thought to derive from description in local dialect of the contorted posture of patients afflicted with the severe joint pain associated with this disease.[8] The main virus reservoirs are monkeys, but other species can also be affected, including humans.[9]
[edit] Pathophysiology
Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
[edit] Prevention
The most effective means of prevention are those that protect against any contact with the disease-carrying mosquitoes. These include using insect repellents with substances like DEET (also called NNDB or N, N'-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), icaridin (also known as picaridin and KBR3023), PMD (p-menthane-3, 8-diol, a substance derived from the lemon eucalyptus tree), or IR3535. Wearing bite-proof long sleeves and trousers (pants) also offers protection. In addition, garments can be treated with pyrethroids, a class of insecticides that often has repellent properties. Vaporized pyrethroids (for example in mosquito coils) are also insect repellents. Securing screens on windows and doors will help to keep mosquitoes out of the house. In the case of the day active Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, however, this will only have a limited effect, since many contacts between the vector and the host occur outside. Thus, mosquito control is especially important.
[edit] Treatment
There are no specific treatments for Chikungunya. There is no vaccine currently available. A Phase II vaccine trial, sponsored by the US Government and published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in 2000, used a live, attenuated virus, developing viral resistance in 98% of those tested after 28 days and 85% still showed resistance after one year.[10]
A serological test for Chikungunya is available from the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Chloroquine is gaining ground as a possible treatment for the symptoms associated with chikungunya, and as an antiviral agent to combat the Chikungunya virus. A University of Malaya study found that for arthritis-like symptoms that are not relieved by aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), chloroquine phosphate (250 mg/day) has given promising results.[11] Research by an Italian scientist, Andrea Savarino, and his colleagues together with a French government press release in March 2006[12] have added more credence to the claim that chloroquine might be effective in treating chikungunya. Unpublished studies in cell culture and monkeys show no effect of chloroquine treatment on reduction of chikungunya disease. The fact sheet on Chikungunya advises against using aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and other NSAIDs that are recommended for arthritic pain and fever.
[edit] DNA vaccine
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an organism against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA to produce an immunological response. Nucleic acid vaccines are still experimental, and have been applied to a number of viral, bacterial and parasitic models of disease, as well as to several tumour models. DNA vaccines have a number of advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.A recent study report that a novel consensus-based approach to vaccine design for Chikungunya virus, employing a DNA vaccine strategy. The vaccine cassette was designed based on CHIKV Capsid and Envelope specific consensus sequences with several modifications, including codon optimization, RNA optimization, the addition of a Kozak sequence, and a substituted immunoglobulin E leader sequence. Analysis of cellular immune responses, including epitope mapping, demonstrates that these constructs induces both potent and broad cellular immunity in mice. In addition, antibody ELISAs demonstrate that these synthetic immunogens are capable of inducing high titer antibodies capable of recognizing native antigen. Taken together, these results support further study of the use of consensus CHIKV antigens in a potential vaccine cocktail.[13]
[edit] Prognosis
Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
Recovery from the disease varies by age. Younger patients recover within 5 to 15 days; middle-agers recover in 1 to 2.5 months. Recovery is longer for the elderly. The severity of the disease as well as its duration is less in younger patients and pregnant women. In pregnant women, no untoward effects are noticed after the infection.
Ocular inflammation from Chikungunya may present as iridocyclitis, and have retinal lesions as well.[14]
Pedal oedema (swelling of legs) is observed in many patients, the cause of which remains obscure as it is not related to any cardiovascular, renal or hepatic abnormalities.
[edit] Epidemiology
Chikungunya virus is an alphavirus closely related to the O'nyong'nyong virus, [15] the Ross River virus in Australia, and the viruses that cause eastern equine encephalitis and western equine encephalitis.[16]
The Aedes aegypti mosquito biting human flesh.
The Aedes aegypti mosquito biting human flesh.
Chikungunya is generally spread through bites from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, but recent research by the Pasteur Institute in Paris has suggested that chikungunya virus strains in the[protected] Reunion Island outbreak incurred a mutation that facilitated transmission by Aedes albopictus (Tiger mosquito).[17] Concurrent studies by arbovirologists at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston Texas confirmed definitively that enhanced chikungunya virus infection of Aedes albopictus was caused by a point mutation in one of the viral envelope genes (E1).[18].[19] Enhanced transmission of chikungunya virus by Aedes albopictus could mean an increased risk for chikungunya outbreaks in other areas where the Asian tiger mosquito is present. A recent epidemic in Italy was likely perpetuated by Aedes albopictus.[20]
In Africa, chikungunya is spread via a sylvatic cycle in which the virus largely resides in other primates in between human outbreaks.[16]
Since its discovery in Tanganyika, Africa in 1952, chikungunya virus outbreaks have occurred occasionally in Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, but recent outbreaks have spread the disease over a wider range.
* The first outbreak in India was in 1963 in Kolkata (Calcutta).[21]
* An outbreak of chikungunya was also discovered in Port Klang in Malaysia in 1999 affecting 27 people[22][23]
* There was an outbreak in Italy late 2007, with 160 cases, and suspects about some human-to-human contaminations.[24]
o At the same time there was an outbreak in Kerala with 43, 138 cases of suspected chikungunya.[25]
*[protected], 237 deaths were associated with chikungunya on Réunion island and one third of the island's population were infected.[26] There was also a widespread outbreak in India, primarily in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh.
* After flooding and heavy rains in Rajasthan, India in August 2006, thousands of cases were detected in Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts, and also in adjoining regions of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, and in the neighbouring country of Sri Lanka.
* In the southern Indian state of Kerala, 125 deaths were attributed to Chikungunya with the majority of the casualties reported in the district of Alapuzha, primarily in Cherthala.
* In December 2006, there were outbreaks of 3, 500 confirmed cases in the Maldives, and over 60, 000 cases in Sri Lanka, with over 80 deaths.[27]
* In October 2006, more than a dozen cases of chikungunya were reported in Pakistan.
* During June 2007 in Pathanamthitta, Kottayam and Alappuzha districts of South Kerala, India claimed more than 50 lives, though no mortality has definitively been linked to chikungunya virus. It is confirmed officially that there are 7000 confirmed Chikungunya patients in these areas. Unofficial reports suggest that more than one hundred thousand are suffering from symptoms of chikungunya.[citation needed]
* In early 2007, chikungunya spread from Kerala and Tamil Nadu to Sri Lanka and many people were infected.
* The European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases[28] claims that new phylogenetic variants of the virus have been identified on Réunion.[28]
* In August/September 2007, at least 200 people were infected in Italy's northern Ravenna region, resulting in one death.[29]
* In January 2008, at least 8 people have been diagnosed with Chikungunya in Melbourne, Australia. There are concerns that the disease could spread to other regions of Australia[30]
* On January 24, 2008, 10 were infected in the first outbreak in Singapore. A high-level public health administrator there has been given legal power to detain and isolate any chikungunya cases[31]
* In May 2008, Deccan Herald reported outbreak of chikungunya in Sullia, Puttur, Kasaragod Taluks (Taluk~County) of southern India. At least 1600 suspected cases in Sullia.">[32]
* More than 200, 000 people were affected by chikungunya in South Kanara region and till today 34 deaths were reported. Though govt officials says that death is not due to chikun gunya, all were suffering from this during their terminal stage and they didnot had any other diseases except in few cases.
[edit] History
The name is derived from the Makonde word meaning "that which bends up" in reference to the stooped posture developed as a result of the arthritic symptoms of the disease. The disease was first described by Marion Robinson[33] and W.H.R. Lumsden[34] in 1955, following an outbreak in 1952 on the Makonde Plateau, along the border between Mozambique and Tanganyika (the mainland part of modern day Tanzania).
According to the initial 1955 report about the epidemiology of the disease, the term chikungunya is derived from the Makonde root verb kungunyala, meaning to dry up or become contorted. In concurrent research, Robinson glossed the Makonde term more specifically as "that which bends up." Subsequent authors apparently overlooked the references to the Makonde language and assumed that the term derived from Swahili, the lingua franca of the region. The erroneous attribution of the term as a Swahili word has been repeated in numerous print sources. Many other erroneous spellings and forms of the term are in common use including "Chicken guinea", "Chicken gunaya, " and "Chickengunya".[citation needed]
[edit] References
1. ^ de Lamballerie X, Leroy E, Charrel RN, Ttsetsarkin K, Higgs S, Gould EA (2008). "Chikungunya virus adapts to tiger mosquito via evolutionary convergence: a sign of things to come?". Virol. J. 5: 33. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-5-33. PMID 18304328.
2. ^ Powers AM, Logue CH (2007). "Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus". J. Gen. Virol. 88 (Pt 9): 2363–77. doi:10.1099/vir.0.82858-0. PMID 17698645. Retrieved on[protected].
3. ^ Sourisseau M, Schilte C, Casartelli N, et al (June 2007). "Characterization of reemerging chikungunya virus". PLoS Pathog. 3 (6): e89. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030089. PMID 17604450. PMC:1904475. Retrieved on[protected].
4. ^ a b Chhabra M, Mittal V, Bhattacharya D, Rana U, Lal S (2008). "Chikungunya fever: A re-emerging viral infection". Indian J Med Microbiol 26 (1): 5–12. PMID 18227590.
5. ^ Simon F, Parola P, Grandadam M, Fourcade S, Oliver M, Brouqui P, Hance P, Kraemer P, Ali Mohamed A, de Lamballerie X, Charrel R, Tolou H (2007). "Chikungunya infection: an emerging rheumatism among travelers returned from Indian Ocean islands. Report of 47 cases". Medicine (Baltimore) 86 (3): 123–37. doi:10.1097/MD/0b013e31806010a5. PMID 17505252.
6. ^ Taubitz W, Cramer JP, Kapaun A, Pfeffer M, Drosten C, Dobler G, Burchard GD, Löscher T (2007). "Chikungunya fever in travelers: clinical presentation and course". Clin. Infect. Dis. 45 (1): e1–4. doi:10.1086/518701. PMID 17554689.
7. ^ a b c "WHO - Laboratory Diagnosis of Chikungunya Fevers". Retrieved on[protected].
8. ^ Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, September 29, 2006 / 55(38);[protected]
9. ^ *"Chikungunya - Fact sheet". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control[protected]. Retrieved on[protected].
10. ^ Edelman, R; C.O. Tacket, S.S. Wasserman, S.A. Bodison, J.G. Perry, J.A. Mangiafico (June 2006). "Phase II Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Live Chikungunya Vrirus Vaccine TSI-GSD-218" (PDF). American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 62 (6): 681–685. PMID 11304054. Retrieved on[protected].
11. ^ Alphaviruses
12. ^ Microsoft Word - Nivaquine.doc
13. ^ Muthumani K, Lankaraman KM, Laddy DJ, et al (April 2008). "Immunogenicity of novel consensus-based DNA vaccines against Chikungunya virus". Vaccine. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.060. PMID 18471943.
14. ^ Mahendradas P, Ranganna SK, Shetty R, et al (2007). "Ocular Manifestations Associated with Chikungunya". Ophthalmology 115: 287. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.03.085. PMID 17631967.
15. ^ Vanlandingham DL, Hong C, Klingler K, Tsetsarkin K, McElroy KL, Powers AM, Lehane MJ, Higgs S (2005). "Differential infectivities of o'nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes". Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 (5): 616–21. PMID 15891138.
16. ^ a b Martin Enserink (2007). "Chikungunya: No Longer a Third World Disease". Science[protected]: 1860–1861. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1860. PMID 18096785.
17. ^ Martin E (2007). "EPIDEMIOLOGY: Tropical Disease Follows Mosquitoes to Europe". Science[protected]: 1485. doi:10.1126/science.317.5844.1485a. PMID 17872417.
18. ^ Tsetsarkin KA, Vanlandingham DL, McGee CE, Higgs S (2007). "A Single Mutation in Chikungunya Virus Affects Vector Specificity and Epidemic Potential". PLoS Pathog 3 (12): e201. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030201. PMID 18069894.
19. ^ ProMED-mail (2007) Chikungunya virus: genetic change. Archive Number 20071209.3973
20. ^ European Centers for Disease Control Report Chikungunya in Italy.
21. ^ "Chikungunya-History". Retrieved on[protected].
22. ^ [1]
23. ^ [2].
24. ^ BBC: Mosquito virus arrives in Europe, 6 September 2007
25. ^ Hindu Times : Action plan to contain chikungunya in Kerala.
26. ^ Reiter P, Fontenille D, Paupy C (2006). "Aedes albopictus as an epidemic vector of chikungunya virus: another emerging problem?". Lancet Infect Dis 6 (8): 463–4. doi:10.1016/S[protected]X. PMID 16870524.
27. ^ HaveeruOnline Beta
28. ^ a b http://www.enivd.de/index.htm
29. ^ Chong, Jia-Rui[protected]. "Tropical Virus Kills Italian Man", Tampa Bay Online. Retrieved on[protected].
30. ^ [3]
31. ^ [4]
32. ^ News Service, DH[protected]. "1, 600 suspected chikungunya cases in Sullia, Puttur", Deccan Herald. Retrieved on[protected].
33. ^ Robinson MC (1955). "An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53. I. Clinical features". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 49 (1): 28–32. doi:10.1016/[protected]. PMID 14373834.
34. ^ Lumsden WH (1955). "An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53. II. General description and epidemiology". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 49 (1): 33–57. doi:10.1016/[protected]X. PMID 14373835.
[edit] Further reading
* "Chikungunya - Fact sheet". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control[protected]. Retrieved on[protected].
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Chikungunya
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 A92.0
ICD-9 065.4, 066.3
DiseasesDB 32213
MeSH D018354
Chikungunya virus
Virus classification
Group: Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Family: Togaviridae
Genus: Alphavirus
Species: Chikungunya virus
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus, of the genus, Alphavirus, that is transmitted to humans by virus-carrying Aedes mosquitoes.[1] There have been recent outbreaks of CHIKV associated with severe morbidity. CHIKV causes an illness with symptoms similar to dengue fever. CHIKV manifests itself with a prolonged arthralgic disease that affects the joints of the extremities. The acute febrile phase of the illness lasts only two to five days. The pain associated with CHIKV infection of the joints persists for weeks or months.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Signs and symptoms
o 1.1 Diagnosis
* 2 Causes
* 3 Pathophysiology
* 4 Prevention
* 5 Treatment
o 5.1 DNA vaccine
* 6 Prognosis
* 7 Epidemiology
* 8 History
* 9 References
* 10 Further reading
* 11 External links
[edit] Signs and symptoms
The incubation period of Chikungunya disease is from two to four days. Symptoms of the disease include a fever up to 39 °C (102.2 °F), a petechial or maculopapular rash of the trunk and occasionally the limbs, and arthralgia or arthritis affecting multiple joints.[4] Other nonspecific symptoms can include headache, conjunctival injection, and slight photophobia. Typically, the fever lasts for two days and then ends abruptly. However, other symptoms, namely joint pain, intense headache, insomnia and an extreme degree of prostration last for a variable period; usually for about 5 to 7 days.[4] Patients have complained of joint pains for much longer time periods depending on their age.[5][6]
[edit] Diagnosis
Common laboratory tests for chikungunya include RT-PCR, virus isolation, and serological tests.
* Virus isolation provides the most definitive diganosis but takes 1-2 weeks for completion and must be carried out in Biosafety level 3 laboratories.[7] The technique involves exposing specific cell lines to samples from whole blood and identifying chikungunya virus-specific responses.
* RT-PCR using nested primer pairs to amplify several Chikungunya-specific genes from whole blood. Results can be determined in 1-2 days.[7]
* Serological diagnosis requires a larger amount of blood than the other methods and uses an ELISA assay to measure Chikungunya-specific IgM levels. Results requre 2-3 days and false positives can occur with infection via other related viruses such as O'nyong'nyong virus and Semliki Forest Virus.[7]
[edit] Causes
Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
Chikungunya virus is indigenous to tropical Africa and Asia, where it is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes, usually of the genus Aedes. CHIK fever epidemics are sustained by human-mosquito-human transmission. The word "chikungunya" is thought to derive from description in local dialect of the contorted posture of patients afflicted with the severe joint pain associated with this disease.[8] The main virus reservoirs are monkeys, but other species can also be affected, including humans.[9]
[edit] Pathophysiology
Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
[edit] Prevention
The most effective means of prevention are those that protect against any contact with the disease-carrying mosquitoes. These include using insect repellents with substances like DEET (also called NNDB or N, N'-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), icaridin (also known as picaridin and KBR3023), PMD (p-menthane-3, 8-diol, a substance derived from the lemon eucalyptus tree), or IR3535. Wearing bite-proof long sleeves and trousers (pants) also offers protection. In addition, garments can be treated with pyrethroids, a class of insecticides that often has repellent properties. Vaporized pyrethroids (for example in mosquito coils) are also insect repellents. Securing screens on windows and doors will help to keep mosquitoes out of the house. In the case of the day active Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, however, this will only have a limited effect, since many contacts between the vector and the host occur outside. Thus, mosquito control is especially important.
[edit] Treatment
There are no specific treatments for Chikungunya. There is no vaccine currently available. A Phase II vaccine trial, sponsored by the US Government and published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in 2000, used a live, attenuated virus, developing viral resistance in 98% of those tested after 28 days and 85% still showed resistance after one year.[10]
A serological test for Chikungunya is available from the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Chloroquine is gaining ground as a possible treatment for the symptoms associated with chikungunya, and as an antiviral agent to combat the Chikungunya virus. A University of Malaya study found that for arthritis-like symptoms that are not relieved by aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), chloroquine phosphate (250 mg/day) has given promising results.[11] Research by an Italian scientist, Andrea Savarino, and his colleagues together with a French government press release in March 2006[12] have added more credence to the claim that chloroquine might be effective in treating chikungunya. Unpublished studies in cell culture and monkeys show no effect of chloroquine treatment on reduction of chikungunya disease. The fact sheet on Chikungunya advises against using aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and other NSAIDs that are recommended for arthritic pain and fever.
[edit] DNA vaccine
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an organism against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA to produce an immunological response. Nucleic acid vaccines are still experimental, and have been applied to a number of viral, bacterial and parasitic models of disease, as well as to several tumour models. DNA vaccines have a number of advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.A recent study report that a novel consensus-based approach to vaccine design for Chikungunya virus, employing a DNA vaccine strategy. The vaccine cassette was designed based on CHIKV Capsid and Envelope specific consensus sequences with several modifications, including codon optimization, RNA optimization, the addition of a Kozak sequence, and a substituted immunoglobulin E leader sequence. Analysis of cellular immune responses, including epitope mapping, demonstrates that these constructs induces both potent and broad cellular immunity in mice. In addition, antibody ELISAs demonstrate that these synthetic immunogens are capable of inducing high titer antibodies capable of recognizing native antigen. Taken together, these results support further study of the use of consensus CHIKV antigens in a potential vaccine cocktail.[13]
[edit] Prognosis
Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
Recovery from the disease varies by age. Younger patients recover within 5 to 15 days; middle-agers recover in 1 to 2.5 months. Recovery is longer for the elderly. The severity of the disease as well as its duration is less in younger patients and pregnant women. In pregnant women, no untoward effects are noticed after the infection.
Ocular inflammation from Chikungunya may present as iridocyclitis, and have retinal lesions as well.[14]
Pedal oedema (swelling of legs) is observed in many patients, the cause of which remains obscure as it is not related to any cardiovascular, renal or hepatic abnormalities.
[edit] Epidemiology
Chikungunya virus is an alphavirus closely related to the O'nyong'nyong virus, [15] the Ross River virus in Australia, and the viruses that cause eastern equine encephalitis and western equine encephalitis.[16]
The Aedes aegypti mosquito biting human flesh.
The Aedes aegypti mosquito biting human flesh.
Chikungunya is generally spread through bites from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, but recent research by the Pasteur Institute in Paris has suggested that chikungunya virus strains in the[protected] Reunion Island outbreak incurred a mutation that facilitated transmission by Aedes albopictus (Tiger mosquito).[17] Concurrent studies by arbovirologists at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston Texas confirmed definitively that enhanced chikungunya virus infection of Aedes albopictus was caused by a point mutation in one of the viral envelope genes (E1).[18].[19] Enhanced transmission of chikungunya virus by Aedes albopictus could mean an increased risk for chikungunya outbreaks in other areas where the Asian tiger mosquito is present. A recent epidemic in Italy was likely perpetuated by Aedes albopictus.[20]
In Africa, chikungunya is spread via a sylvatic cycle in which the virus largely resides in other primates in between human outbreaks.[16]
Since its discovery in Tanganyika, Africa in 1952, chikungunya virus outbreaks have occurred occasionally in Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, but recent outbreaks have spread the disease over a wider range.
* The first outbreak in India was in 1963 in Kolkata (Calcutta).[21]
* An outbreak of chikungunya was also discovered in Port Klang in Malaysia in 1999 affecting 27 people[22][23]
* There was an outbreak in Italy late 2007, with 160 cases, and suspects about some human-to-human contaminations.[24]
o At the same time there was an outbreak in Kerala with 43, 138 cases of suspected chikungunya.[25]
*[protected], 237 deaths were associated with chikungunya on Réunion island and one third of the island's population were infected.[26] There was also a widespread outbreak in India, primarily in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh.
* After flooding and heavy rains in Rajasthan, India in August 2006, thousands of cases were detected in Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts, and also in adjoining regions of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, and in the neighbouring country of Sri Lanka.
* In the southern Indian state of Kerala, 125 deaths were attributed to Chikungunya with the majority of the casualties reported in the district of Alapuzha, primarily in Cherthala.
* In December 2006, there were outbreaks of 3, 500 confirmed cases in the Maldives, and over 60, 000 cases in Sri Lanka, with over 80 deaths.[27]
* In October 2006, more than a dozen cases of chikungunya were reported in Pakistan.
* During June 2007 in Pathanamthitta, Kottayam and Alappuzha districts of South Kerala, India claimed more than 50 lives, though no mortality has definitively been linked to chikungunya virus. It is confirmed officially that there are 7000 confirmed Chikungunya patients in these areas. Unofficial reports suggest that more than one hundred thousand are suffering from symptoms of chikungunya.[citation needed]
* In early 2007, chikungunya spread from Kerala and Tamil Nadu to Sri Lanka and many people were infected.
* The European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases[28] claims that new phylogenetic variants of the virus have been identified on Réunion.[28]
* In August/September 2007, at least 200 people were infected in Italy's northern Ravenna region, resulting in one death.[29]
* In January 2008, at least 8 people have been diagnosed with Chikungunya in Melbourne, Australia. There are concerns that the disease could spread to other regions of Australia[30]
* On January 24, 2008, 10 were infected in the first outbreak in Singapore. A high-level public health administrator there has been given legal power to detain and isolate any chikungunya cases[31]
* In May 2008, Deccan Herald reported outbreak of chikungunya in Sullia, Puttur, Kasaragod Taluks (Taluk~County) of southern India. At least 1600 suspected cases in Sullia.">[32]
* More than 200, 000 people were affected by chikungunya in South Kanara region and till today 34 deaths were reported. Though govt officials says that death is not due to chikun gunya, all were suffering from this during their terminal stage and they didnot had any other diseases except in few cases.
[edit] History
The name is derived from the Makonde word meaning "that which bends up" in reference to the stooped posture developed as a result of the arthritic symptoms of the disease. The disease was first described by Marion Robinson[33] and W.H.R. Lumsden[34] in 1955, following an outbreak in 1952 on the Makonde Plateau, along the border between Mozambique and Tanganyika (the mainland part of modern day Tanzania).
According to the initial 1955 report about the epidemiology of the disease, the term chikungunya is derived from the Makonde root verb kungunyala, meaning to dry up or become contorted. In concurrent research, Robinson glossed the Makonde term more specifically as "that which bends up." Subsequent authors apparently overlooked the references to the Makonde language and assumed that the term derived from Swahili, the lingua franca of the region. The erroneous attribution of the term as a Swahili word has been repeated in numerous print sources. Many other erroneous spellings and forms of the term are in common use including "Chicken guinea", "Chicken gunaya, " and "Chickengunya".[citation needed]
[edit] References
1. ^ de Lamballerie X, Leroy E, Charrel RN, Ttsetsarkin K, Higgs S, Gould EA (2008). "Chikungunya virus adapts to tiger mosquito via evolutionary convergence: a sign of things to come?". Virol. J. 5: 33. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-5-33. PMID 18304328.
2. ^ Powers AM, Logue CH (2007). "Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus". J. Gen. Virol. 88 (Pt 9): 2363–77. doi:10.1099/vir.0.82858-0. PMID 17698645. Retrieved on[protected].
3. ^ Sourisseau M, Schilte C, Casartelli N, et al (June 2007). "Characterization of reemerging chikungunya virus". PLoS Pathog. 3 (6): e89. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030089. PMID 17604450. PMC:1904475. Retrieved on[protected].
4. ^ a b Chhabra M, Mittal V, Bhattacharya D, Rana U, Lal S (2008). "Chikungunya fever: A re-emerging viral infection". Indian J Med Microbiol 26 (1): 5–12. PMID 18227590.
5. ^ Simon F, Parola P, Grandadam M, Fourcade S, Oliver M, Brouqui P, Hance P, Kraemer P, Ali Mohamed A, de Lamballerie X, Charrel R, Tolou H (2007). "Chikungunya infection: an emerging rheumatism among travelers returned from Indian Ocean islands. Report of 47 cases". Medicine (Baltimore) 86 (3): 123–37. doi:10.1097/MD/0b013e31806010a5. PMID 17505252.
6. ^ Taubitz W, Cramer JP, Kapaun A, Pfeffer M, Drosten C, Dobler G, Burchard GD, Löscher T (2007). "Chikungunya fever in travelers: clinical presentation and course". Clin. Infect. Dis. 45 (1): e1–4. doi:10.1086/518701. PMID 17554689.
7. ^ a b c "WHO - Laboratory Diagnosis of Chikungunya Fevers". Retrieved on[protected].
8. ^ Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, September 29, 2006 / 55(38);[protected]
9. ^ *"Chikungunya - Fact sheet". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control[protected]. Retrieved on[protected].
10. ^ Edelman, R; C.O. Tacket, S.S. Wasserman, S.A. Bodison, J.G. Perry, J.A. Mangiafico (June 2006). "Phase II Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Live Chikungunya Vrirus Vaccine TSI-GSD-218" (PDF). American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 62 (6): 681–685. PMID 11304054. Retrieved on[protected].
11. ^ Alphaviruses
12. ^ Microsoft Word - Nivaquine.doc
13. ^ Muthumani K, Lankaraman KM, Laddy DJ, et al (April 2008). "Immunogenicity of novel consensus-based DNA vaccines against Chikungunya virus". Vaccine. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.060. PMID 18471943.
14. ^ Mahendradas P, Ranganna SK, Shetty R, et al (2007). "Ocular Manifestations Associated with Chikungunya". Ophthalmology 115: 287. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.03.085. PMID 17631967.
15. ^ Vanlandingham DL, Hong C, Klingler K, Tsetsarkin K, McElroy KL, Powers AM, Lehane MJ, Higgs S (2005). "Differential infectivities of o'nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes". Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 (5): 616–21. PMID 15891138.
16. ^ a b Martin Enserink (2007). "Chikungunya: No Longer a Third World Disease". Science[protected]: 1860–1861. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1860. PMID 18096785.
17. ^ Martin E (2007). "EPIDEMIOLOGY: Tropical Disease Follows Mosquitoes to Europe". Science[protected]: 1485. doi:10.1126/science.317.5844.1485a. PMID 17872417.
18. ^ Tsetsarkin KA, Vanlandingham DL, McGee CE, Higgs S (2007). "A Single Mutation in Chikungunya Virus Affects Vector Specificity and Epidemic Potential". PLoS Pathog 3 (12): e201. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030201. PMID 18069894.
19. ^ ProMED-mail (2007) Chikungunya virus: genetic change. Archive Number 20071209.3973
20. ^ European Centers for Disease Control Report Chikungunya in Italy.
21. ^ "Chikungunya-History". Retrieved on[protected].
22. ^ [1]
23. ^ [2].
24. ^ BBC: Mosquito virus arrives in Europe, 6 September 2007
25. ^ Hindu Times : Action plan to contain chikungunya in Kerala.
26. ^ Reiter P, Fontenille D, Paupy C (2006). "Aedes albopictus as an epidemic vector of chikungunya virus: another emerging problem?". Lancet Infect Dis 6 (8): 463–4. doi:10.1016/S[protected]X. PMID 16870524.
27. ^ HaveeruOnline Beta
28. ^ a b http://www.enivd.de/index.htm
29. ^ Chong, Jia-Rui[protected]. "Tropical Virus Kills Italian Man", Tampa Bay Online. Retrieved on[protected].
30. ^ [3]
31. ^ [4]
32. ^ News Service, DH[protected]. "1, 600 suspected chikungunya cases in Sullia, Puttur", Deccan Herald. Retrieved on[protected].
33. ^ Robinson MC (1955). "An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53. I. Clinical features". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 49 (1): 28–32. doi:10.1016/[protected]. PMID 14373834.
34. ^ Lumsden WH (1955). "An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53. II. General description and epidemiology". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 49 (1): 33–57. doi:10.1016/[protected]X. PMID 14373835.
[edit] Further reading
* "Chikungunya - Fact sheet". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control[protected]. Retrieved on[protected].
Top 5 Confidence Corruptor
By Ken Xu on Aug 23, 2007 in Blogging, Personal Growth, Psychology
From my 5 months experience in blogging, I have faced several unpleasant experiences that happen to make me lose the taste of blogging. I become less confidence every time those distractions and mental interruptors around me.
I labeled those distraction as “Confidence Corruptor”. It will absolutely corrupting your self-motivation and confidence and make you feel bad all the day.
With this post, I hope you will be aware of the mental interruption that may happen to you and make a quick correction to it before it start corrupting your inner self.
Corruptor 1: Statistic
It’s been a habit for all web master and blogger to track their web/blog everyday to track their marketing efforts. But it’s not recommended to do it everyday for beginner who just step in the first month online. If you are a beginner, make sure to check your statistic not more than 4 times a month.
More than that will mean nothing but a mental distortion and will corrupting your self-confidence. The statistic I refer to is spreading from:
Bbog Visitor
PR
Alexa
Feed Subscriber
Adsense
Technorati
etc.
Everything is build slowly. Although you are trying to boost your traffic rank with several social bookmarking services, the traffic spike will go down for the next day and everything is calm again.
Except your have read Darren’s post and make a good use of it by entering to the front page of Each social bookmarking regularly!
Installing Adsense Notifier (Plugin for hourly tracking of your adsense earning for firefox browser) is not a good idea for beginner too! Always seeing the “0″ (zero) earning every will surely corrupting your self-confidence.
Corruptor 2: Negative Comments
It’s been a culture for blogger to receive a regular negative comments. It’s good, actually. But our ego won’t hold it for long. There will be an eruption of emotion if we just treasure it in our heart.
Negative comment will sometimes ‘very negative’ which succeed to breaking our self-confidence barrier and make you unstable. Before that happen, It’s wise for you to learn sufficient tips to handle those comments.
Below is the excellent tips for handling negative comment to prevent your inner collapse:
Mean Spirited comments and blogging
Negative Blog Comments - Keep You Focus
How to Deal with Negative Comments
Corruptor 3: Time Limitation
I have been continuously feeling down because of the limitation of time lately. Even I had scheduled everything up, I still feeling not enough and want more time.
May be this is the common problem the everybody should face. God only provide us 24 hours a day and no compromise to add more 2 or 3 hours. Well, we can’t have a trading with God, can we?
“So many things to do, so little time”. This is the sentence that I heard and read a lot at the comments of some high demanding blogger, I also realized that I spoke this sentence more often since the blog is growing!
With so many project to work on, and with the full time job that kill half of my day, I can say that my self-confidence is not as large as before…
Whenever I feel the time limitation, my confidence is decrease to a certain state that make me feel bad for the entire day.
Make sure to follow any newest tips in time management. It is crucial for your future life expanding. Don’t get stuck with the little time and keep thinking on the limitation.
Corruptor 4: Blank Comment Section
You have try your best, you have tweak your content for 2 days. finally, you feel good about the draft post, and you decide to publish it and try to rock the world.
Unfortunately, your content is not respond well. 1 day passed, 2 days passed… No comment at all, although you have 500 subscribers.
3 days passed… no comment. Nobody respond. At this rate, normal human will begin to blame on their live and the unresponsive reader. Or may be you have begin to lose your mood and start to feel discourage and not confident to produce more content.
Zero comment Support from the reader is the biggest headache for every blogger. You will feel rotten and lose your confident when you see a strike Zero between post to post.
What make blogosphere alive is the two ways communication. If your post is not respond well, high possibility that your writing is not in the interest of your reader.
Or you can try to generate more comments by using some useful plugin for wordpress. JohnTP have a good post about top 5 wordpress Plugin that help increase comments. Try to use it to see if your can rise your confidence a bit.
Corruptor 5: Health
Not everybody could work like hell and stay up late to concentrate and set thing up. Health will become the most serious problem when you works too hard on your project.
Bad health will become your confidence corruptor if you don’t care about it. When you sick, everything is not stop moving and wait for you to recover. The net will keep going with the fastest pace as it usually have.
By lying at the bed and cannot do anything because of the sickness, you will regret at what you have done to your body and the abandon project that still need a lot of things to work at.
Make sure to exercise properly, not brain exercise and finger pinching at the keyboard exercise, but doing some yoga or taichi, or may aerobic and Jogging. Those activity really help a lot to avoid Confidence Corruption because of bad Health.
By Ken Xu on Aug 23, 2007 in Blogging, Personal Growth, Psychology
From my 5 months experience in blogging, I have faced several unpleasant experiences that happen to make me lose the taste of blogging. I become less confidence every time those distractions and mental interruptors around me.
I labeled those distraction as “Confidence Corruptor”. It will absolutely corrupting your self-motivation and confidence and make you feel bad all the day.
With this post, I hope you will be aware of the mental interruption that may happen to you and make a quick correction to it before it start corrupting your inner self.
Corruptor 1: Statistic
It’s been a habit for all web master and blogger to track their web/blog everyday to track their marketing efforts. But it’s not recommended to do it everyday for beginner who just step in the first month online. If you are a beginner, make sure to check your statistic not more than 4 times a month.
More than that will mean nothing but a mental distortion and will corrupting your self-confidence. The statistic I refer to is spreading from:
Bbog Visitor
PR
Alexa
Feed Subscriber
Adsense
Technorati
etc.
Everything is build slowly. Although you are trying to boost your traffic rank with several social bookmarking services, the traffic spike will go down for the next day and everything is calm again.
Except your have read Darren’s post and make a good use of it by entering to the front page of Each social bookmarking regularly!
Installing Adsense Notifier (Plugin for hourly tracking of your adsense earning for firefox browser) is not a good idea for beginner too! Always seeing the “0″ (zero) earning every will surely corrupting your self-confidence.
Corruptor 2: Negative Comments
It’s been a culture for blogger to receive a regular negative comments. It’s good, actually. But our ego won’t hold it for long. There will be an eruption of emotion if we just treasure it in our heart.
Negative comment will sometimes ‘very negative’ which succeed to breaking our self-confidence barrier and make you unstable. Before that happen, It’s wise for you to learn sufficient tips to handle those comments.
Below is the excellent tips for handling negative comment to prevent your inner collapse:
Mean Spirited comments and blogging
Negative Blog Comments - Keep You Focus
How to Deal with Negative Comments
Corruptor 3: Time Limitation
I have been continuously feeling down because of the limitation of time lately. Even I had scheduled everything up, I still feeling not enough and want more time.
May be this is the common problem the everybody should face. God only provide us 24 hours a day and no compromise to add more 2 or 3 hours. Well, we can’t have a trading with God, can we?
“So many things to do, so little time”. This is the sentence that I heard and read a lot at the comments of some high demanding blogger, I also realized that I spoke this sentence more often since the blog is growing!
With so many project to work on, and with the full time job that kill half of my day, I can say that my self-confidence is not as large as before…
Whenever I feel the time limitation, my confidence is decrease to a certain state that make me feel bad for the entire day.
Make sure to follow any newest tips in time management. It is crucial for your future life expanding. Don’t get stuck with the little time and keep thinking on the limitation.
Corruptor 4: Blank Comment Section
You have try your best, you have tweak your content for 2 days. finally, you feel good about the draft post, and you decide to publish it and try to rock the world.
Unfortunately, your content is not respond well. 1 day passed, 2 days passed… No comment at all, although you have 500 subscribers.
3 days passed… no comment. Nobody respond. At this rate, normal human will begin to blame on their live and the unresponsive reader. Or may be you have begin to lose your mood and start to feel discourage and not confident to produce more content.
Zero comment Support from the reader is the biggest headache for every blogger. You will feel rotten and lose your confident when you see a strike Zero between post to post.
What make blogosphere alive is the two ways communication. If your post is not respond well, high possibility that your writing is not in the interest of your reader.
Or you can try to generate more comments by using some useful plugin for wordpress. JohnTP have a good post about top 5 wordpress Plugin that help increase comments. Try to use it to see if your can rise your confidence a bit.
Corruptor 5: Health
Not everybody could work like hell and stay up late to concentrate and set thing up. Health will become the most serious problem when you works too hard on your project.
Bad health will become your confidence corruptor if you don’t care about it. When you sick, everything is not stop moving and wait for you to recover. The net will keep going with the fastest pace as it usually have.
By lying at the bed and cannot do anything because of the sickness, you will regret at what you have done to your body and the abandon project that still need a lot of things to work at.
Make sure to exercise properly, not brain exercise and finger pinching at the keyboard exercise, but doing some yoga or taichi, or may aerobic and Jogging. Those activity really help a lot to avoid Confidence Corruption because of bad Health.
blue wave techonologies private limited — pan card yet to be received
Sir,Due to non availability of pan card even we are not in a position to open a bank account. Kindly do the needful. Our company details are as follows.
Name: Blue wave techonologies private limited
Date of filing: 11.06.2008
Application No.[protected]
Coupon No.[protected]
with regards
ganesh
Hey friends,
I guess, the blogger database gets over loaded. I pity you my dear blogger. First remove all these stuff else remove this site permanently. ALL THE BEST.
Oh my God ----- GOD!
I guess, the blogger database gets over loaded. I pity you my dear blogger. First remove all these stuff else remove this site permanently. ALL THE BEST.
Oh my God ----- GOD!
DIYA SYSTEMS WILL JUST TREAT THEIR EMPLOYEES LIKE SLAVES... NO SALARY HIKE NOTHING... ITS A REAL HELL...
Hey God,
Did you remember me I am your father.
Look some foolish rascal has tried to damage this blog by putting all the above stuff. Dont worry i will create few more blogs wherever possible will see how many urls can glowtouch Admin department blocks.
Did you remember me I am your father.
Look some foolish rascal has tried to damage this blog by putting all the above stuff. Dont worry i will create few more blogs wherever possible will see how many urls can glowtouch Admin department blocks.
1 INTRODUCING SILKTEST
The Benefits of Automated Testing
Automating your testing leads to a better use of your resources. Skilled
testers are freed up to put more effort into designing better tests while
machines that would otherwise lie idle overnight can be used to run
unattended automated tests. The benefits of automating software testing with
SilkTest are many:
• Providing more coverage of regression testing.
• Reducing the elapsed time for testing, getting your product to market
faster.
• Improving productivity of human testing.
• Improving the re-usability of tests.
• Providing a detailed test log.
The layered approach The most common approach to any testing is the layered approach. The
layered approach includes three types of tests:
Operability Tests which examine each object, verifying specific properties
of the object such as: state, size, caption and contents.
Functionality Tests which examine the behavior of a group of objects that
together provide a specific feature to the end user. This includes looking at a
dialog as a collection of objects and verifying the functionality provided. It
can also include verifying the interaction between objects. For example,
verifying that a text box is enabled when a check box is checked.
System Tests which examine how the application under test (AUT) interacts
with other software or hardware products within the software environment.
Other types of tests Other types of tests that may be performed using SilkTest include:
Regression Tests which run existing tests on new versions of a program.
Error Tests which verify the system’s response to error conditions.
Stress Tests which measure the system’s response to repetitive or large
amounts of data.
White-Box vs. Black-Box Tests Where white-box testing places the focus on
the internal structure of the software (the code) while black-box testing views
the software from the end-user perspective and is unaware of the underlying
code.
The Benefits of Automated Testing
Automating your testing leads to a better use of your resources. Skilled
testers are freed up to put more effort into designing better tests while
machines that would otherwise lie idle overnight can be used to run
unattended automated tests. The benefits of automating software testing with
SilkTest are many:
• Providing more coverage of regression testing.
• Reducing the elapsed time for testing, getting your product to market
faster.
• Improving productivity of human testing.
• Improving the re-usability of tests.
• Providing a detailed test log.
The layered approach The most common approach to any testing is the layered approach. The
layered approach includes three types of tests:
Operability Tests which examine each object, verifying specific properties
of the object such as: state, size, caption and contents.
Functionality Tests which examine the behavior of a group of objects that
together provide a specific feature to the end user. This includes looking at a
dialog as a collection of objects and verifying the functionality provided. It
can also include verifying the interaction between objects. For example,
verifying that a text box is enabled when a check box is checked.
System Tests which examine how the application under test (AUT) interacts
with other software or hardware products within the software environment.
Other types of tests Other types of tests that may be performed using SilkTest include:
Regression Tests which run existing tests on new versions of a program.
Error Tests which verify the system’s response to error conditions.
Stress Tests which measure the system’s response to repetitive or large
amounts of data.
White-Box vs. Black-Box Tests Where white-box testing places the focus on
the internal structure of the software (the code) while black-box testing views
the software from the end-user perspective and is unaware of the underlying
code.
1 INTRODUCING SILKTEST
The Benefits of Automated Testing
Automating your testing leads to a better use of your resources. Skilled
testers are freed up to put more effort into designing better tests while
machines that would otherwise lie idle overnight can be used to run
unattended automated tests. The benefits of automating software testing with
SilkTest are many:
• Providing more coverage of regression testing.
• Reducing the elapsed time for testing, getting your product to market
faster.
• Improving productivity of human testing.
• Improving the re-usability of tests.
• Providing a detailed test log.
The layered approach The most common approach to any testing is the layered approach. The
layered approach includes three types of tests:
Operability Tests which examine each object, verifying specific properties
of the object such as: state, size, caption and contents.
Functionality Tests which examine the behavior of a group of objects that
together provide a specific feature to the end user. This includes looking at a
dialog as a collection of objects and verifying the functionality provided. It
can also include verifying the interaction between objects. For example,
verifying that a text box is enabled when a check box is checked.
System Tests which examine how the application under test (AUT) interacts
with other software or hardware products within the software environment.
Other types of tests Other types of tests that may be performed using SilkTest include:
Regression Tests which run existing tests on new versions of a program.
Error Tests which verify the system’s response to error conditions.
Stress Tests which measure the system’s response to repetitive or large
amounts of data.
White-Box vs. Black-Box Tests Where white-box testing places the focus on
the internal structure of the software (the code) while black-box testing views
the software from the end-user perspective and is unaware of the underlying
code.
1 INTRODUCING SILKTEST
The Benefits of Automated Testing
Automating your testing leads to a better use of your resources. Skilled
testers are freed up to put more effort into designing better tests while
machines that would otherwise lie idle overnight can be used to run
unattended automated tests. The benefits of automating software testing with
SilkTest are many:
• Providing more coverage of regression testing.
• Reducing the elapsed time for testing, getting your product to market
faster.
• Improving productivity of human testing.
• Improving the re-usability of tests.
• Providing a detailed test log.
The layered approach The most common approach to any testing is the layered approach. The
layered approach includes three types of tests:
Operability Tests which examine each object, verifying specific properties
of the object such as: state, size, caption and contents.
Functionality Tests which examine the behavior of a group of objects that
together provide a specific feature to the end user. This includes looking at a
dialog as a collection of objects and verifying the functionality provided. It
can also include verifying the interaction between objects. For example,
verifying that a text box is enabled when a check box is checked.
System Tests which examine how the application under test (AUT) interacts
with other software or hardware products within the software environment.
Other types of tests Other types of tests that may be performed using SilkTest include:
Regression Tests which run existing tests on new versions of a program.
Error Tests which verify the system’s response to error conditions.
Stress Tests which measure the system’s response to repetitive or large
amounts of data.
White-Box vs. Black-Box Tests Where white-box testing places the focus on
the internal structure of the software (the code) while black-box testing views
the software from the end-user perspective and is unaware of the underlying
code.
The Benefits of Automated Testing
Automating your testing leads to a better use of your resources. Skilled
testers are freed up to put more effort into designing better tests while
machines that would otherwise lie idle overnight can be used to run
unattended automated tests. The benefits of automating software testing with
SilkTest are many:
• Providing more coverage of regression testing.
• Reducing the elapsed time for testing, getting your product to market
faster.
• Improving productivity of human testing.
• Improving the re-usability of tests.
• Providing a detailed test log.
The layered approach The most common approach to any testing is the layered approach. The
layered approach includes three types of tests:
Operability Tests which examine each object, verifying specific properties
of the object such as: state, size, caption and contents.
Functionality Tests which examine the behavior of a group of objects that
together provide a specific feature to the end user. This includes looking at a
dialog as a collection of objects and verifying the functionality provided. It
can also include verifying the interaction between objects. For example,
verifying that a text box is enabled when a check box is checked.
System Tests which examine how the application under test (AUT) interacts
with other software or hardware products within the software environment.
Other types of tests Other types of tests that may be performed using SilkTest include:
Regression Tests which run existing tests on new versions of a program.
Error Tests which verify the system’s response to error conditions.
Stress Tests which measure the system’s response to repetitive or large
amounts of data.
White-Box vs. Black-Box Tests Where white-box testing places the focus on
the internal structure of the software (the code) while black-box testing views
the software from the end-user perspective and is unaware of the underlying
code.
1 INTRODUCING SILKTEST
The Benefits of Automated Testing
Automating your testing leads to a better use of your resources. Skilled
testers are freed up to put more effort into designing better tests while
machines that would otherwise lie idle overnight can be used to run
unattended automated tests. The benefits of automating software testing with
SilkTest are many:
• Providing more coverage of regression testing.
• Reducing the elapsed time for testing, getting your product to market
faster.
• Improving productivity of human testing.
• Improving the re-usability of tests.
• Providing a detailed test log.
The layered approach The most common approach to any testing is the layered approach. The
layered approach includes three types of tests:
Operability Tests which examine each object, verifying specific properties
of the object such as: state, size, caption and contents.
Functionality Tests which examine the behavior of a group of objects that
together provide a specific feature to the end user. This includes looking at a
dialog as a collection of objects and verifying the functionality provided. It
can also include verifying the interaction between objects. For example,
verifying that a text box is enabled when a check box is checked.
System Tests which examine how the application under test (AUT) interacts
with other software or hardware products within the software environment.
Other types of tests Other types of tests that may be performed using SilkTest include:
Regression Tests which run existing tests on new versions of a program.
Error Tests which verify the system’s response to error conditions.
Stress Tests which measure the system’s response to repetitive or large
amounts of data.
White-Box vs. Black-Box Tests Where white-box testing places the focus on
the internal structure of the software (the code) while black-box testing views
the software from the end-user perspective and is unaware of the underlying
code.
I agree with all the negative comments quoted over here. My name is divya who as working as System Admin when Diya systems was in STPI building Derebail. I think almost old employees know me very well even your great Sir, Mam and Big pot Shyam and dadiwalla Yogish.
These people were not able to provide me a expereince certificate when I quit Diya system after working for 1 year three months. But its totally different that I got a good placement even after creating a duplicate certificate . Nothing lies in their hands. And I know so many people who are well placed after quitting from so called Diya systems.
Let me tell you the funny thing :
The reason Shyam gave was since the company is shifting to new building i.e Empire Mall, you can't avail your leaves which I was eligible.
Very very funny
So Its good thing that people should think thrice before joining this bloddy company.
Hats off to all these comments.
Bye.
These people were not able to provide me a expereince certificate when I quit Diya system after working for 1 year three months. But its totally different that I got a good placement even after creating a duplicate certificate . Nothing lies in their hands. And I know so many people who are well placed after quitting from so called Diya systems.
Let me tell you the funny thing :
The reason Shyam gave was since the company is shifting to new building i.e Empire Mall, you can't avail your leaves which I was eligible.
Very very funny
So Its good thing that people should think thrice before joining this bloddy company.
Hats off to all these comments.
Bye.
Contact Information
GlowTouch Technologies Pvt Ltd
India
File a Complaint
I don care how the company is i give a Damn.
but i am writing this coz i have my enemy in that company
Allow me to Re introduce this guy called Vishnu murty Pai, He's the only one of his Kind availabe on earth
OR i can say the largest BUCKET on earth
I[censored] look at his face from any angle u can blindly say that he's 7, coz u can see that brand seal on his face every where :)
Let me tell u about his coding ability.
He's the only one in our class who did not produce output for a simple 10 line program in C( which was during 3rd year CCN lab examination)
Finally he begged lab attender that he does not want to get failed in Lab exam. so she copied the code from ftp to his mahine, but this guy still does not know how to execute it.
After the lab he bluffed everyone that he got the toughest program and he produce the o/p ..
( some how he managed to escape from that lab. without backlogs)
:) so... people u can imagine what kind of coding he does in GT..
i think Bucketing Nagesh i guess.
2) he's was the first one 2 complete the written assignments in class and used to write the same again for all the beautiful gls in class.He's crasy for Gls ...so Be carefull about him GT gls.
watch out for more of his stories ..:) in my next blog
regards
Nexus